Instruction: What Trends Should You Look Out For In Video In The Future

Response:
Spontaneous storiesYou can find these casual little darlings on social media, in formats like Instagram Stories, Snapchat, or even in tweet threads. These bite-sized videos, produced on the fly and delivered incrementally, keep viewers hooked and help start conversations in real-time. Spontaneous stories are great for drumming up hype around a product (especially e-commerce items that are new to the market) or breaking down educational topics related to your brand. Parks Project uses Instagram Stories to share updates on volunteer and fundraising efforts in short videos and slides. These short and sweet videos make it easy for Parks Project’s current and future customers to watch the company’s mission in action. We think that in-the-moment content will become more and more prominent as mobile video becomes the norm, so start warming up those thumbs! Accessible video As video becomes more and more popular, marketers will need to master video accessibility. In fact, captioning and auto describing video are required by law for many businesses. Video thought BusinessFirst-person storytelling is one of the most effective ways to communicate a message, so it pairs well with the most emotional medium out there — video! A video of someone talking directly into the camera is extremely captivating (and also super easy to create), which is why we think this will be a big trend for marketers and salespeople in the future. Live Q&As and AMAsEver since Reddit popularized the “Ask Me Anything” format, online Q&As have brought people together to geek out on topics they care about. A candid Q&A helps people get to know industry experts and CEOs better while allowing the featured speaker to answer burning questions all in one place. Video Q&As can be done on any number of platforms, including Twitch, Periscope, Facebook Live, Instagram Live, Crowdcast, and more! Podcast tapingsA video of a podcast helps viewers get to know the hosts and guests even better. When done at a business, it can offer exposure and insight into your company culture and lets your employees shine.Drift releases videos of their “Seeking Wisdom” podcast on the company’s YouTube channel. The video version shows behind-the-scenes action, facial expressions, and reactions that you don’t get in the audio version.There’s more than one way to make your podcast interactive. For instance, the hosts of the popular Hello Internet show make stop-motion animated videos to accompany each podcast. 1.1 videoCreating a 1:1 video is a quick way to check-in with customers or leads and make sure your message gets heard. After all, watching a video is more engaging than reading through a whitepaper, slideshow, or lengthy email, and viewers retain more information this way, too.  With tons of mobile editing apps and tools like our very own free webcam and screen-recording tool, Soapbox, it’s easier than ever to make a video on your own.  Virtual presentationConferences are a blast because they gather like-minded people with great ideas in one place. Virtual conferences do the same thing, but with a global online community. It is exciting to see more companies bring people together with online conferences and presentations. People watched from all over the world, and the responses were super positive! Hosting a virtual conference by creating video presentations can easily help you expand your brand’s reach. Plus, you can collect leads when asking viewers to sign up for the exclusive content. It’s a win-win for all! Mobile-first-videoIn 2017, the number of mobile video views surpassed desktop. It might not feel all that surprising considering how much time we spend on our phones, but that’s still a pretty staggering stat! With more and more people watching content on narrow, vertical screens, and Portraits oriented square videos are on the rise. This trend is so exciting because it brings on a whole new set of creative challenges and possibilities! Mobile marketing gives us the chance to connect with people on a more casual, intimate level. Since we use our phones to connect with friends and family, brands will start to consider that more heavily when it comes to the way they approach their customers.Video in emailVideo and email are the perfect pair — like PB&J, salt and pepper, green eggs and ham — you get the gist. Everyone reads emails, but with tons of emails pouring into your inbox throughout the day, a video can help marketers stand out amongst the crowd. Putting “Video” in your subject line can lead to higher open rates, and video thumbnails will lead to more clicks than plain links!  Plus, using video gives you the chance to add some personality to your sales and marketing emails.  I think this trend will continue to gain traction in the future, as more and more people start to see success when including video in their email communication. Paid video coursesHowever, if you’ve spent a few years building up a captive audience, you might want to consider gating or charging for some of your educational content. Doing so can help you easily measure exactly how your marketing efforts are impacting revenue, and will also help you come up with new ideas for valuable content!Creating a course will not only provide a valuable resource to customers, but it also becomes an opportunity for different creators to partner together. Transparency with VideoMarketing involves so much testing and tinkering, it’s easy to feel like you’re just not doing it right. I think that behind-the-scenes videos about how people actually build and grow their businesses (showcasing both successes and failures) are the next step for businesses big and small. I’ve always believed that being transparent about what I’ve learned over the years that it is one of the best ways to reach audiences and help them grow. I think that businesses will start being more transparent with their decision-making process,  I will share more about what’s worked for them, and what hasn’t, and I think they’ll communicate that message with video.  Splitting the screen As more and more teams go remote, collaboration via video will start to become the norm. Recordings of video chats and screen shares are a great way to share knowledge in your team or even give the rest of the world an inside look at your process. A great example of this is the New York Times series on pop music production in 2018. Their video on “The Middle” shows a series of interviews and songwriting sessions conducted over FaceTime — super cool. Recording your conversations or presentations makes it easy to go back and review what was said, and passes on learning at scale. The internal and external potential for this medium is endless!Recurring video series It is most exciting about video marketers taking big creative risks in the coming years. This includes long-form series where brands and artists work together to dive deeply into relevant and interesting topics for a wide audience.
It is exciting that there’s going to be more video, everywhere. If video trends continue to follow their current trajectories, there will be a record amount of video watched in the future. In this brave new world, anything is possible, and I know marketers and salespeople are going to step up to the plate. So, go forth, make amazing videos, and be sure to share your creations with us!
What Is Video Production?
Video production is the process of producing video content. It is the equivalent of filmmaking, but with images recorded digitally instead of on film stock.
Videos come in many shapes and sizes, from a simple iPhone video all the way up to major Hollywood films. For most videos, there are too many moving parts to leave your process to chance.  There are three stages of video production: pre-production, production (also known as principal photography), and post-production.


Instruction: What is the video production process

Context: Learning resources on media production, voice acting and audio-visual translation, dubbing, subtitling and transcriprion

Response:
Video production is more than simply pressing the record button on your video camera. The process of creating a video from concept to completion consists of three phases: Pre-Production, Production, and Post-Production. Phase one (Pre-Production) is where all the planning and coordination happens, phase two (Production) is when you capture all the elements that will be in your final video and phase three (Post-Production) is where all the elements get edited together and combined to create the final video.
Explaining the Video Production Process
While the video production process will vary based on the style, content, timeline, effort, and budget, there are some basic building blocks that are common among successful video producers
Phase One: Pre-Production
The first step in the process of creating a video is all about preparation and setting the groundwork. During this phase, it's essential to do the planning, research, problem-solving, and organization necessary to set your video project up to be successful.
The pre-production phase includes:
Video strategy/goalsBudget/scopeStory selectionProject timelineScript creationTalent/charactersProduction team/equipment needsLocation Scouting
In order to identify all of these elements, it's important to conduct a series of meetings. Again, this process will vary based on the team and the scope of your project, but here are some basics to help you get started.


Instruction: What Does  Pre-Production Entail

Response:
Fact-Finding: Bring your company stakeholders and video production team together to discuss the purpose, strategy, and goals for your video and how it will be used after it is finalized. If you are planning to work with an external video production company, this is the part of the process where you'll want to communicate things like branding, target audience, and the tone and feel for the piece. Pre-Production Meeting: This meeting is typically held between your video producer and the primary point person for the project. Make sure to set the timeline, identify the characters, and finalize any location details. This meeting can be done over the phone or in person.Site Visit (Optional): Depending on the complexity of the shoot, it can be helpful to do a site visit to your location, especially if neither the producer nor videographer has seen it.Shoot Preparation: Prior to showing up on-site for your video shoot, your video producer should ensure that scripts have been reviewed and approved,  interview questions discussed, characters are vetted, a schedule is finalized and locations are confirmed. All these details will help ensure that the production phase goes smoothly.
Phase Two: Production
The meetings are over, the preparation is complete. Now, it's time to have some fun! The production phase is where you capture all the interviews and footage for your video. This is the part where the story begins to come to life. The production phase is where all the raw materials for your video will be captured. If you have specific visions, ideas, or visuals that you want to be included in the final product, be sure that you have clearly communicated that with your producer before the end of the production phase.


Instruction: What Does Production Entail

Response:
Setting up the sound/lighting/video equipmentConducting interviewsRecording voice-overs (if they are needed for your project)Capturing b-roll (extra footage that is used to support your story)
Especially if you are using an external video team, we recommend the primary point person is on location to act as the conduit between the video producer and your brand.
Phase Three: Post-Production
After the production phase is finished, the producer and editor go to work. During the post-production phase, your video production team will begin the process to organize, plan, and edit the actual video. Your producer will carefully review all the footage and transcribe all of the interviews conducted. Then, they will assemble the story and the video editor does their magic to bring all the pieces together.


Instruction: What Does Post-Production Entail

Response:
Logging the interviewsProducing the final storyMusic selectionVideo editingReviews/approvalsFinal Delivery
Your video production team will handle all the nuts and bolts of making your project come to life. So, just sit tight and wait for the magic to happen. This process takes some time and creativity, so don't expect that it will happen overnight.
Every production company will have different timelines for the post-production phase, but you can plan for it to take approximately 6-8 weeks unless you've discussed another plan with your company
Note: if you are looking for a project with shorter turnaround time, be sure to mention that to your video team. Many companies have the ability to work within your timeline if you make that clear from the beginning of the project.
Once your video team has created a draft of the video project, it'll be time for your project point person and key stakeholders to step back into the mix:
Initial approval and revisions: Once the initial version of the video is edited, it's time to review the work. Assuming there are some changes that need to be made, the revision process can begin. If you are working with a video company, there may be a predefined number of revisions or hours set aside for revisions.Final Delivery: Once the video is finalized and approved, it's time to export the video to its final format. If you are planning to use the video on a specific platform (or platforms) be sure to communicate that with your video team. All platforms (YouTube, Facebook, etc.) have slightly different specifications for optimal video playback.


Instruction: Why Is A Video Production Process Important

Response:
Dependability: Whether you're shooting on location, in a studio, at your office, or at a friend's home, there are a lot of moving pieces that have to come together. Does the time and place work for all members of the crew? How about actors or spokespeople? Identifying all of these details is crucial, and it is essential to do it in a logical, systematic fashion.Predictable Timeline:  Video production takes time. For anything more than an iPhone video, you don't just pick up a camera one day and have a video in your hands the next. So, how much planning time do you need before the shoot and how much editing time afterward? It's only guesswork unless you have a real process. An established and tested video process can help you go from an educated guess to an accurate prediction.Accurate Pricing: Speaking of pricing, most production rates are based on time. The more hours required to plan, shoot, and edit the project, the more it costs. And when you add extra days or crew members that obviously add to the total time (and price). Fewer Revisions:  When you nail down your objectives, discuss the details in pre-production, and then execute to match your vision, you shouldn't end up with many revisions at the end of your project. On the other hand, if you go through that whole project without a real process, you may end up with problems that require extra editing and time to resolve.
Different production companies and videographers may have different processes, but the bottom line is that process allows video teams to have a predictable pace, dependable results, ensures quality and accountability
Making Video Production Even Smoother
Now you know the steps it takes to produce a corporate video, you're ready to dive into your first video project without fear. But before you go, here are my last tips on making video production as smooth as possible:
Be organized. Do your research in good timing. If you want to use your logo in the video, get a high-quality version ready to save rushing around at the last minute.Remember that the perfect is the enemy of the good. Don't spend forever on endless revisions. Create a video that you're happy with and that fulfills the brief, and then let it loose!If you don't have the expertise, resources or time to produce video content in-house, look externally. Find the right video agency for you and let them guide you through the process.If you're working with professionals, trust them and let them do their jobs. You chose them for a reason after all. So if they tell you something isn't working in your script, they're most likely right.Keep learning and trying new things. The only way anyone becomes an expert in the video is through practice and experience.
What are the common problems in video production?
The one great thing about this business is, there’s something new every day. The one bad thing about this business is, there’s something new every day.
Whether you’re an experienced videographer, just starting out, or considering taking the plunge into the freelance life, there are challenges you will face throughout your career. The good news is that you’re following in the footsteps of many people who overcome these obstacles every day and here’s some practical advice on dealing with them.
1. Lack of communication
It is really in need that the client to be an active part of the process. Active also means timely If delivery of a series of videos is done, and there is feedback from you after a couple of days about changes that you need, but then there’s radio silence for two weeks, it is assumed that everything you wanted fixed has been attended to. It really doesn’t help you to call three weeks later and say “Oh, and I want to change this, this and this.” Your time is valued, and same courtesy is expected from the clients. So, if you’re going to give feedback, make sure it’s all the feedback, or at least give a head’s up that you may need more time to go over the videos more thoroughly.
2. Scheduling delays
From the client’s standpoint, common problems can include scheduling delays sometimes because of unforeseen problems like equipment failure or a staffing crisis, other times because of unavoidable problems like bad weather for outdoor shoots or sudden inaccessibility to a shoot location, disagreement on crucial elements like graphics and animation or the mode of editing, extensive script rewrites, and a final product that looks good on its own but doesn’t fit in properly with a larger business plan or social media campaign.
Except for the problems involved with scheduling, all the above issues can typically be dealt with through thorough communication with the video production company. It’s rare that clients and a production company are so in tune with each other that everything is a flawless mesh from the start. Patience is rewarded.
3. Finding work
The most immediate challenge every freelance videographer will face is finding clients. This isn’t a onetime challenge; it will be the reoccurring theme of your entrepreneurial journey.
When first starting out as a videographer, you will probably apply for everything hoping to get something. This may be a necessity to get a steady paycheck, but it can have a detrimental effect.
Decide the type of video you want to specialize in, build your website and showreel to emphasize that you are an authority in this style of content and start applying for jobs. Many platforms offer the chance to bid for video projects of all sizes, such as peopleperhour.com, freelancer.com, freelancevideocollective.com, and indeed.com, which can be a great place to look for regular work.
The best way to find new clients is through word of mouth and referrals from your happy customers. The more customers you have, the bigger your network of references is, and the more likely it is that you someone will recommend you for future video work. That said, you will only get referrals from satisfied customers, so you need to manage your clients well.
4. Managing clients
The most satisfying form of work a videographer can get is repeated business. Whether it’s within weeks, months, or even years after a project, having the same client come back to you is a great feeling. This is possible when you treat customers correctly and deliver quality work on time and budget.
Communication is vital, especially when managing expectations. It is a good idea to have a Workflow Guide that you can send to clients when pitching for work. Detail your production workflow, including shoot preparations and how you deal with edit reviews and delivery of the final film. It doesn’t need to be extensive, but this initiative can put a client at ease by understanding the process and knowing their project is in safe hands. It can also be an ideal opportunity to create basic terms and conditions; for example, limiting the number of reviews the client can have on each film.
Business owners can be nervous when commissioning video content: substantial time and budget are often spent on productions, and there is a lot of pressure to get it right. One big part of your job of a videographer is to guide the client through the process, troubleshooting as you go. Don’t actively mislead your clients if there are problems, but be ready to get creative in solving them.
5. Pricing
The biggest challenge to working as a freelance videographer can be knowing how to price your services. If you’re working on your own, be prepared to cover most roles throughout the production. This may also include planning, location recces, script editing and storyboarding. Don’t be afraid to charge for these pre-production duties when required.
The expectation is you’ll have Day and Hourly rates for your shooting and editing services. When starting out, expect your rates to be lower, but they’ll rise in line with your experience and skills. For post-production, it’s not unusual to differentiate between rates for standard offline editing and online steps (grading, audio mix, titling) and even motion graphic creation. Knowledge of advanced programs like Adobe After Effects and Apple Motion should be reflected in a higher rate.
When deciding on your filming rate, consider how much input is required from you on a shoot. If you’re being hired just as a camera operator as part of a larger crew, you’ll have fewer responsibilities than being a self-shooting director. Before filming talking head interviews, learn from your client whether you’ll be required to direct people inexperienced with being on camera.
One crucial factor in setting your fees is to consider your kit. If you have your own gear, the value depreciates over time. Whether you have a separate charge for the use of your equipment or it’s factored into your Day rate, that money should be there to cover the cost of insurance and long-term replacement of existing kit.
6. Keeping up to date with kit
Committing to a particular camera might dictate the work you can undertake. If you want to combine photography with video, DSLRs and their mirrorless cousins offer great flexibility. If you lean more towards event filming that requires long record times–such as conferences or sporting and artistic performances – a video-only focused camera might be a better investment. Those without a fixed lens still allow you to invest in glass to achieve more creative and even cinematic results.
The continuous advancement of digital cameras might make you feel you’re already behind as soon as you make a purchase. Likewise, a client might require 4K image resolution, stabilization, or gimbals that you don’t own. Thankfully, the rise in peer-to-peer rental sites has made trying and hiring kit easy and affordable. Platforms such as Fat Lama and Kitmapper are full of fellow professionals offering their equipment for convenient rental. If you do make an upgrade to your kit, you can use these services yourself as a seller, to make money from your gear even when you’re not using it.
Don’t be afraid to be upfront with clients about when any extra kit is needed to be hired in for a job, as ultimately, that should be budgeted for and not paid from your own pocket. After all, you’re trying to earn a living, and retaining profit is the only way that’s possible.
7. Finances
With money in mind, it’s vital you have control of your finances from the start of your freelancing adventure. Services like QuickBooks and Xero offer accounting tools that are simple to use once you grasp the basics. More importantly, they make invoicing – the most critical part – easy.
Consider the tax implications and variations in responsibility between operating as a Sole Trader or as a Private Limited Company (Ltd.) Some larger corporate clients many only work with suppliers listed as limited companies, which will require you to learn about how such entities are structured, the level of accounting, and the mechanics of paying yourself.
Ultimately, all forms of tax are legal issues, and compliance is worth taking seriously to avoid being caught out in the future by shortcuts taken in the present. Talk to HMRC about your options and don’t be afraid to ask them for help at any stage. When looking for an accountant, start by asking for recommendations from friends, family, or fellow videographers.
Set aside money each year for insurance and accounting fees. If a couple of projects per year cover these costs, it’s well worth sacrificing immediate gain to be covered when policy renewal and Self-Assessment season arrives.
There are many more challenges you may face in your career as a videographer, but if you can master these few, you will have a solid foundation for a successful business.
While every production company and video project are different, there are some key elements that will help your video project go as smoothly as possible. Whether you are working with your internal video team or a video production company, make sure that you have an established video production process that helps account for all the different variables of your project.
Audiovisual translation (AVT) is the term used to refer to the transfer from one language to another of the verbal components contained in audiovisual works and products.
Feature films, television programs, theatrical plays, musicals, opera, Web pages, and video games are just some examples of the vast array of audiovisual products available and that require translation. As the word suggests, audiovisuals are made to be both heard (audio) and seen (visual) simultaneously but they are primarily meant to be seen. There are ten types of audiovisual translation which can be united into two larger groups: revoicing and subtitling. Dubbing which is the most widely-spread type of revoicing is defined as a complete change of the original soundtrack into the soundtrack in the target language.
Overview Of The Use Of Audiovisual Translation in  Cinematography
We live in a society influenced greatly by the Media. With the appearance of new technologies, there appeared also new forms of international and intercultural communication which led to new forms of translation. Cinematography, as a part of the Media, has become one of the most widely-spread and influential forms of art. The translation of cinematographically products is called audiovisual translation though one can find many synonymous names as film translation, TV translation, screen translation, and many others. With the social phenomenon of globalization translators face the urgent need to translate films in short periods of time but in a high-quality way. Translation Studies theorists take the challenge to develop the theoretical background and frameworks of performing audiovisual translation and managing possible constraints and challenges. The aim of the article is to give a theoretical overview of audiovisual translation which is defined as the transfer from one language into another of the verbal components contained in audiovisual works and products. Thus, the object of the article is audiovisual translation from a translation studies perspective. Audiovisual translation is generally a translation of the verbal component of the video. Its main specific feature is the synchronization of verbal and nonverbal components. While dealing with audiovisual product translators do not work only with text but also with other aspects of media art which are of polyphonic nature. Thus, they work with dialogues/ comments, sound effects, images and atmosphere of the video.


Instruction: What Are The Components To Be Translated In Audiovisual Translation

Response:
Verbal audio channel: dialogues, off-screen voices, songs;Nonverbal audio channel: music, sound effects, off-screen sounds; Verbal and visual channel: subtitles, signs, notes, inscriptions that appear on the screen; Nonverbal visual channel: picture on the screen.
The co-existence of many semantic signs, which make up meaning, provides transfer from one semiologic complex into another in the audiovisual translation. In other words, two semiologic complexes are formed: the original and translation, the concept of equivalence acquires new interpretation and is greatly extended in reference to the multimedia character of translation. The equality of audiovisual translation is not only equivalence between the linguistic elements in two languages but also an adequate link between verbal and nonverbal structures separately in the original work and its translation.
Free commentary is a kind of voice-over that focuses neither on the lip movements of the original text nor on the faithfulness of the target text and also not on the simultaneous mode of the performance but it’s free and often performed in different modes of translation which is usually complemented by different journalistic elements and text is covered partially or completely.
Audio description transforms visual information into words, transfers the visual image into spoken language complementing in this way sounds and dialogues from the film. Audio description performs two functions. On one hand, it represents the audiovisual sign of the film which the blind have no opportunity to comprehend. On the other hand, it complements “the whole” with explanations of sounds which are understandable only through their connection with the images similarly to subtitles. Audio description includes inter-semiotic processes of transfer which are beyond language or cultural definitions of traditional concepts of translation. The effectiveness of audio description depends on the way all those signs are connected with each other. Audio description is a descriptive method of inserting explanation and description of the setting, characters, and action that take place in different audiovisual means when this information about these visual elements are not offered in the regular audio presentation. The golden rule of audio description suggests “describe what you see”. Audio description visualizes people, objects, actions and, which is more important, reflects the mood and emotional influence in the scene. Viewers should be able to have their own opinion and make own conclusions. Thus, it is very important not to change or interpret but always describe only the most significant features of the plot lines and actions. Audio description of high quality uses vocabulary and syntactical constructions which are oriented at the audience as well as at peculiarities of the described materials and searches to convey at least part if not all visual signs of the film or record. The language used in audio description should be exact, significant but not abstract Audiovisual translation is just one possible job specialization of many that we can find as professional translators related to translation and interpretation. Although the majority of audiovisual work is in English there are sometimes opportunities to do projects in German, French and other languages too.
Characteristics That Define Audiovisual Translation
Speech. With this characteristic, we refer to the ability to symbolize a previously translated natural and spontaneous dialogue. It might sound easy, but it is not. What is logical to one person in a certain context might seem totally out of place for another person. For that reason, a translator should be able to transfer written language on to the screen without adding strange expressions or demanding an unreasonable, unnatural effort on part of the character who is speaking.Changing registers. Contrary to the other specialized forms, audiovisual translation is characterized by suffering from changes in registers. Instead of working on a well-defined topic we are confronted with a great variety of possible registers. Among these are children’s programs, detective series, horror movies or documentary films on nature. One of audiovisual translation’s advantages is that it permits the translator to learn something new about any possible topic every day. That is why it is not surprising that translators often have a wide and pretty broad cultural and general knowledge.
Whilst I am telling you about the main characteristics, I would also like to mention some of its various modalities:
Modalities Of Audio-Visual Translation
Synchronization and subtitles. There has always been a debate about which of the two is the more adequate and appropriate form. From my point of view, both have their pros and cons. Synchronization is the oral adaptation of an audiovisual document in which you do not have any traces of the original language. On some occasions though we will find cultural collocations that simply do not apply. In this case, it is necessary to blend in some kind of image or representation of the words in order to get the best results.On the other hand, the original language remains present in an audiovisual document that works with subtitles. The targeted language also is represented by subtitles underneath the visual sequences. Due to globalization and the wide availability to access movies and series from other countries, there is a cultural opening in which subtitles gain popularity over the more traditional synchronization.Overlaid voices. It is not unusual today to watch a television program in which you can hear the characters speak in their maternal language whilst you hear an overlaid voice that translates what has already been said. This kind of translation can especially be found in reality shows or documentaries, it is said the principal function of an overlaid voice is to introduce the viewer to a different culture and the theme of the programme.Audio description and subtitles for deaf people. This kind of audiovisual translation consists of subtitling for a hearing-impaired audience. That is why elements like the description of sounds – rather than just conversations between people – need to be included as well. This means that, for example, sighs will be indicated in a different manner from the conversational content-related subtitles. In some programs, they tend to mix this kind of translation with the interpretation of sign language.Localization. This is probably the most unknown form of audiovisual translation. It’s consists of translating and adapting all elements of websites, video games, software and other audiovisual documents to provide a better consumer approved product in a certain country it is exported to.
Useful Guidelines To Use During Audio-Visual Translation
The work of an audiovisual translator can be very gratifying and satisfying if you keep to the following criteria:
Avoid the overuse of colloquialism;Translate cultural references adequately, and thus know the cultures of your working languages well.Translate onomatopoeia with equivalent sounds in the target language (if they exist)Become acquainted with sources out of the field (known experts in the area to which you are translating) as well as conventional sources. For example, if translating a text on the law it would be beneficial to contact any friends or contacts you have in those fields to help with any terminology you are not familiar with.
In some cases, the audiovisual translator has to synchronize the shown subtitles. However, this is not necessarily an easy task and sometimes there remain some mismatches in translations.
Just like in any other field of translation, there is always more than one possible translation for every text and that should be kept in mind when you are evaluating any translation’s quality.


Instruction: What Is SRT

Response:
SubRip Subtitle files (SRT) are plain-text files that contain subtitle information. They include start and stop times next to the subtitle text, ensuring they'll be displayed at exactly the right moment in your video. SRT files work on most social media sites that let you upload captions.
You can create an SRT file in any text editor, including Notepad, TextEdit, and Notepad++.Open a text editor of your choice, and order each line of your subtitles, starting with 1.Next, put the time the subtitle begins, then ""-->"", and the time it ends.Format your timestamp like this -- "hours:minutes:seconds,milliseconds"".Below your start and end timestamp, put your first line of text.
SRT Example
The most common and basic of all subtitle formats is the SubRip caption format also referred to as the .srt caption format. Most online video sites accept .srt captions including and not limited to YouTube, Vimeo, Wistia etc. Here is an example of a .srt caption file.
What Are The Advantages of SRT Subtitles
SRT Translation Preserves Quality
SRT translation preserves the video quality due to the translation process. To begin, professional translators establish the correct timing in order to create SRT files, which ensure that the subtitles align seamlessly with the video display. Afterward, the content is then localized. During this process, the subtitle layout is carefully considered, including word length and order, as well as the font choice. This localization allows audiences to view the information in a way that feels customized for them.Additionally, SRT translation is becoming increasingly popular with companies who are looking to grow their global online presence because Internet hosting sites like Wistia, Vimeo, and YouTube, allow and even prefer SubRip Text files to other formats. Another important aspect of SRT translations is the fact that subtitles will not interfere with audiences who are utilizing the closed-caption feature on their televisions. As such, viewers can enjoy the quality content without disruption or confusion. Given this feature, companies can also rest assured that their message is being delivered clearly with or without closed captioning.
SRT Translation Broadens Reach
By incorporating SRT translation, video content becomes accessible to a whole world of viewers. In addition to accommodating audiences who speak different languages, subtitles can also be helpful for individuals with hearing impairments or to enhance the learning process in general by providing a written support that accompanies the screen images and audio recordings. In addition to meeting the needs of audiences, SRT translations also help companies expand their online presence. Search engines like Google and video platforms like YouTube cannot read video content effectively; instead, they rely on the text that accompanies videos to index them. Furthermore, search engines view each language as a separate result, so one video with SRT translations can yield higher keyword rankings and produce more inbound links. By adding these translations to videos, companies can effectively broaden their reach online and around the globe.
SRT Translation Remains Cost-Effective
The benefits of SRT translations are undeniable, and yet, it remains an incredibly cost-effective option for companies to utilize. SRT translations have a lower overall cost compared to other options due to the minimal multimedia work. Instead of reshooting the video with multilingual actors or dubbing the audio with studio voice-over talents, SRT translations can provide subtitling in multiple languages cost-effectively. Should the content need updating, edits can be made to subtitles much more efficiently than reshooting or dubbing a new video. Another standout aspect of SRT translations are there their on/off capabilities, promoting greater viewer flexibility within a single video. Overall, the SRT translation process prioritizes a company’s money and time as much as it provides accurate and meaningful content to a wide viewership.


Instruction: What Is WebVTT

Response:
Web Video Text Tracks Format (WebVTT) is a format for displaying timed text tracks (such as subtitles or captions) using the <track> element. The primary purpose of WebVTT files is to add text overlays to a <video>. WebVTT is a text based format, which must be encoded using UTF.
This format was created in 2010, based on the SRT format. However, WebVTT was designed to be a more robust subtitling and captioning option. The most noteworthy difference between the two is the fact that WebVTT can operate HTML5 code functionalities. As a result, subtitling and captioning done in WebVTT give creators more options when it comes to text format, color, font, and even placement. WebVTT files can also contain metadata. Whereas SRT files are for display purposes only, this metadata in WebVTT files can include information about titles, authors, dates, instructions, and other additional content. Because WebVTT is designed with HTML5, this subtitle file type has become very popular with eLearning platforms and courses since they are typically also HTML5-based.
WebVTT  Example
WebVTT captions or .vtt caption format is recommended on Vimeo and for most HTML 5 players. WebVTT captions are similar to .srt captions with only minor differences. The captions has to start with an introductory line - WEBVTT.
You Can Expand Global Reach By Using WebVTT
Whether it is video for your website or an eLearning course, it is likely that as your company or organization grows, so will your target market audience. Adding WebVTT subtitles is a cost-effective way to share your video content with global audiences. Rather than recreate all of your video content or dub existing content with voice-over recording, WebVTT subtitling will translate your content so that new viewers can understand and relate to it.When translation companies perform WebVTT translation, the process provides both cost effectiveness and time savings. If a company intends to have its subtitles translated into multiple languages, source-language subtitle content will be created first. That way, a single subtitle file can be translated into multiple languages at once or over time as the company's viewership expands. Should the video content need to be updated, it is also a much simpler and cost-effective process to update a subtitle file as opposed to either editing a dubbed video or shooting new content. As a result, even when video content is not evergreen, subtitles afford more flexibility. Additionally, source-to-source subtitling is also advantageous. In this type of subtitling, the audio language and subtitle language are the same. As with translated subtitles, these subtitles can be permanently displayed or interactive, allowing viewers to turn them on and off. Source-to-source subtitling is often utilized in eLearning courses to differentiate instruction by adding extra support for visual learners. Source-to-source subtitling may also be used by organizations in the healthcare industry to support viewers with hearing impairments.  WebVTT subtitles of any kind are being used by businesses and organizations looking to improve their ranking online. Since Google and other search engines cannot read images or video content, adding text is an effective strategy to boost Search Engine Optimization (SEO). By adding subtitles to existing video content, your company will rank better online; gain more traffic, page views, and customers due to this increased visibility.


Instruction: What is the WebVTT translation process

Response:
Professional translation companies are well aware of the unique challenges that come from adding subtitles. One of the most complex aspects of subtitling is the fact that the text display on the screen needs to mirror what is being heard over audio and watched on the screen. As a result, translators put forth special care when crafting the text, paying attention to both length and word order. By doing so, the subtitle is synchronized with what is being seen and heard. This subtitling process can become even more complex when WebVTT translation is needed as opposed to source-to-source translation. In WebVTT translation, the target language may dramatically alter any existing subtitles. That is because the target language may now be a right-to-left language, such as Arabic, or include characters in various other alphabets. With WebVTT translation, the translator can carefully choose not only the proper wording, but the font and the placement that will best help viewers. After initial WebVTT translation is finished, the subtitles are synchronized to the video by a team of multimedia experts. That means that the timing between the audio and the subtitle text is accurate. The product then undergoes rounds of quality assurance testing and validation to check for an accurate and authentic message and premium sound and video quality.
Final Thoughts on WebVTT Translation
Video content is king. Whether you are trying to grow your brand, inspire new learners, or anything else in between, companies and organizations are adding more video content each day. WebVTT translation brings content to life for multilingual audiences while still maintaining an efficiency and cost-effectiveness for businesses.  When you are ready to take your video content global, professional WebVTT translation is the right choice.
Major Differences Between Srt And WebVTT Subtitles
Coding of WebVTT Versus .SRT (Difference In Syntax)
For writers of subtitles, there are some fundamental differences in the way .srt and .vtt files need to be written in order to function properly. Some main differences include commas separating time fractions in .srt files being replaced by full stops in the .vtt format. WebVTT files can be slightly less time consuming for subtitle translators also as frame numbers do not need to be listed and correctly identified. This also can cut down on number of technical errors in the display of subtitles if numbers have been omitted.
Information and References in Subtitles
If using WebVTT files, non-displayed metadata can be specified and included within the files. This can include titles, authors, instructions, date information and more… In contrast, .srt files are designed to be basic and for display purposes only, where no metadata is able to be stored.
Subtitle and Closed Caption Cue Settings
Whether you need foreign subtitles, English subtitles or translation of subtitles, in WebVTT subtitles, the writer has the ability to position the cue within the .vtt file. This can be especially useful in cases where there is already writing, other subtitles or information displayed along the bottom section of your video, where the normal positioning of .srt subtitles may obstruct any information displayed there
Subtitle Compatibility
With extra functional capabilities, (or WebVTT) files are increasingly being used for subtitling purposes, especially for subtitle translation services. Though most browsers and programs are compatible with .vtt, some are not yet fully compatible. As .srt is the more widely used, traditional format, traditional format, you should be able to run .srt files regardless of the programme or browser
An increasing number of businesses are using translation to gain new customers, attract investment funding, raise awareness of their brand and broker the most cost-effective deals with international suppliers. However, it can be tricky knowing how to choose the best translation agency. Then, once you’ve chosen the agency, how do you know they’ve done a good job?


Instruction: How Do You Check Translation Quality

Response:
If you’ve hired a translation company to translate your corporate documents into a new language, then chances are you don’t speak that language fluently. If you did, why would you need a translation agency? Perhaps you speak a little of the language, but not enough to write professionally in it. Or perhaps you don’t speak it at all. In these circumstances, how do you ensure that your translation agency has produced a high-quality translation if you can’t check it yourself?
In order to assure yourself of the quality of the translation, you’ll need a native speaker of that language. If you have a friend who speaks the language, that’s great. Coerce them into reviewing the translated document (or a section of it, at least), and then grill them thoroughly on how natural the language sounds, whether the phrasing is right and so forth. If they confirm that the language is tiptop, that’s great. If not, it could be time to find another translation company!Of course, if you don’t have a friend/staff member/other acquaintance who speaks the target language, then it could be worth asking another translation agency to review the quality of the translated document. They will probably want a small fee for doing so, but it could be money well spent if it brings you peace of mind, knowing that your translation is flawless.
Finding The Right Translation Agency
If your business document translation is not up to standard, consider using a different translation company for your next translation. Decent companies should be clear on their pricing up-front, respond to your inquiries in a timely manner and provide you with a set deadline as to when you can expect to receive the translation from them. If a company doesn’t offer all of these things at the very least, move along!The right business translation agency should be easy to deal with, cost-effective and – most importantly – produce high-quality translations that your company will be proud to be associated with. After all, the translated documents are going out in your company’s name, so it behooves you to ensure they are of the same standard as you would produce in your native language!


Instruction: So How Does One Tell When The Quality Story Is Real Or Not

Response:
There are also no independent evaluation agencies available to provide translation buyers with meaningful and objective clues on the quality of the service offerings of different LSPs. Imagine buying a car with no knowledge of key specifications, reliability ratings, crash-safety data, or any idea of how much ongoing maintenance is required on the car. Unfortunately, this is often the situation a translation buyer finds themselves in. This post is an attempt to clarify this issue for all existing and future customers, and also raise the quality of the customer experience of all our customers.
The difficulty arises because of the following factors:
Subjective Evaluation of translation product: Sometimes this can be as arbitrary as asking a friend who spent a summer in Spain to assess a Spanish translation!Buyers have limited or no knowledge of the target language: While some companies may have an in-country staff to review translations, many companies may not have access to these resources and thus have to depend on the LSP to deliver a quality product.Lack of agreement on what quality means: Translation in the business context needs to be suited to the purpose and some content e.g. legal liability related content, and core marketing messaging, needs more attention than technical support content that may only have a shelf life of a month. In a business translation situation, the price and timeliness of the work have to be balanced with the value of the translation in the overall business mission.Expectations that are not aligned with budget and time reality. The best quality requires multiple eyes and levels of review which can be done at a higher budget and with more time.
The driving force behind the translation of business content is to find success in an international market. The translated content needs to hit the mark in each country and region in terms of suitability, appropriateness, usefulness, and accuracy in the information about your products or services. Translation errors can be embarrassing or even seriously damaging when they result in culturally inappropriate or completely wrong messages. At best, translation errors and awkward syntax will only damage your brand reputation and image; at worst, they may cause financial and legal problems that threaten your company’s future in an international market.
So, what is quality?
Is it possible to have a basic definition of this to enable better communication on the subject? While the following description is not perfect or all-encompassing, it facilitates us getting a basic understanding of the scope of the subject. It is important for a buyer to understand how their LSP measures quality and know that this quality assurance mentality is properly integrated into their standard production process. Agencies that don’t have a de facto quality-focused culture and production process are not likely to be able to produce a quality service.
The Basic Criteria That A Translation Service Provider Offering A Quality Service Should Fulfill
A Translation
Correct transfer of information from the source text to the target text.
Appropriate choice of terminology, vocabulary, idiom, and register in the target language.Appropriate use of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and syntax, as well as the accurate transfer of dates, names, figures, etc. in the target language.The appropriate style for the purpose of the text
B. Work process
Certification in accordance with national and/or international quality standards.
Thus, we see that there are two clear dimensions to the issue:
The actual translation work itself described by a) above, andThe translation production process which can be substantiated by certifications from standards bodies described b) above. This assures a buyer that a strict and certified production process is in place and thus provides assurance that a quality deliverable is a likely outcome on a regular and consistent basis These certifications have a strong focus is on administrative, documentation, review and revision processes not just the quality assessment of the final translation.
However, the translation quality could mean different things as Common Sense Advisory points out and it is important to ensure that the same reference point is being used.
5 Definitions of Translation Quality
PerfectionThe translation meets ideals for accuracy and languageCompliance with SpecificationsThe translation adheres to specifications within a reasonable toleranceProcess-BasedThe translation is produced according to processValueThe translation delivers the best value for the money
LSPs that have considered the quality issue deeply will have clearly documented procedures and processes for ensuring quality along both of these dimensions. The best ones will have very clear communications with clients and translators continuously along these dimensions that are triggered by well-established practice and experience. This ensures that all the people involved in a translation project have a clear idea of the work expectations and have an understanding of how their work will be further processed and evaluated before delivery to a final customer.
Translation Quality Assurance is the process of evaluating a translated text to ensure that it meets your company’s quality standards. If your LSP is not performing regular TQAs—and performing them correctly—it is likely that your translations will contain grammar errors, inappropriate style, and poor content messaging. The key to having an effective TQA process is that the process should be the objective.
So how do you know if the quality that you’re receiving is the quality that you should be receiving? One strategy is to request TQA reports from your translation service provider to learn about their quality assurance process and to find out how often they perform TQA assessments. LSPs that perform these assessments regularly develop a very well calibrated understanding of the quality of translation deliverable. They can quickly identify problems in the supply chain and thus maintain long-term consistency. Since there can be varied and disparate opinions on what constitutes quality it is easier to agree on what constitutes an error rather than on what constitutes “quality” in the abstract, and that an important factor in quality is the absence of errors. Thus we see that the EU MQM schema shown above and the TAUS DQF quality measurement focus very specifically on a range of different error types to establish quality scores and ratings.
Grading Translated Documents
Each translated document that is part of your TQA should be individually graded. The grade will determine whether the translation will be published, edited, or rejected entirely. It will also help your Project Manager identify the translators who have the knowledge and skills to translate your documents and those who are not qualified to do so.
There are as many ways to perform these steps as there are captioning companies, so what works for one company may not work for another. Some companies will do the first few steps simultaneously. They'll type in one caption, clean it up, set the timing and positioning, and move on to the next one, all through the tape. Others will do these as discrete steps, even using different people. Others will not follow all steps as outlined.
Taking into consideration the time to make the dub of the original master tape for the captioner to work from, all the steps in between, and the time to encode the final master tape, a 1-hour videotape can take anywhere from 8 to 20+ hours to caption.


Instruction: What is Closed Captioning

Response:
Definition of Captioning
Captioning is the process of converting the audio portion of a film, video, CD-ROM or other production into text which is displayed on a screen or monitor. For deaf and hard of hearing persons, captions not only display words to indicate spoken dialogue or narration, but also include sound effects, speaker identification, music, and other "non-speech" information.
What Are Closed Captions?
One of the captioning types is called closed captions. They are "hidden" unless they are made visible by a decoder or a TV with a decoder chip. They are usually white letters encased in a black box.
Stages In The Captioning Process
Master Copy
Receive the master or master copy of the videotape from the client.Create a VHS work tape copy of the master with a time-code window.Make an audio cassette.
Transcript
An accurate transcript is essential for captioning. If a transcript does not exist, it must be created. Transcripts can be submitted in the following formats:
Disk. It can be in virtually any word-processing application or an ASCII text file.Internet. Via Internet file transfer.Fax. A text file can be faxed directly to the computer.Printed Script. A printed script is useful if it can be scanned accurately. The scanner works best with clean, even-toned, typed scripts.Captioner or transcriber.For direct transcription: The captioner listens to the audio and types what is heard. The captioner can use a transcriber machine with auto backup or captioning software which advances, stops, and backs up the tape in the VCR. Or, to speed up the process, use professional transcription equipment.For indirect transcription: The captioner retypes from a printed or faxed scrip, scans from a clean printed script, and imports from a word processing file that's sent on disk or by e-mail. Indirect transcriptions must be compared with the original audio eventually. Most scripts received are not conformed to the audio and must be fixed.
Formatting
The transcript is then:
Divided into captions. The text is broken into short phrases that will become captions. Where possible, the split is usually by an appropriate breakdown of sentence structure.Cleaned of extraneous text but maintains the meaning and essential vocabulary of the message. Music and sound effects are described.Checked for accuracy in the area of language mechanics, such as punctuation, grammar, spelling, and others.
Usually, the text appears as two-line pop-up captions; however, some have the capacity to use from one to four lines in pop-up or roll-up fashion. Set the "look" of the captions. Add italics, underlining, colors, speaker identification, brackets around sound effects, music notes around song lyrics, and so forth. Some captioners do this as the script is entered; others go back and add it later.
Time Coding
A work tape is made. Time-code is matched. A time code is assigned to each caption. This tells the caption when to appear on the screen.""Grabbed" time codes. "Absorbed" as the tape plays, using the computer keyboard. This is also where the captions may be moved up, down, left or right. Captions are determined where they will appear on the screen. Ensure that essential information is not covered by the captions and that the positioning gives clues as to who is speaking.
Presentation Rate
Presentation rate control, or reading speed, refers to the number of words per minute for each caption. Depending on the grade level of the video, a certain presentation rate is assigned to the captioning job. This is a major process and requires quite a bit of effort. Reading speed can't be set before the tape is timed exactly, so, it's necessary to retime the captions. Captions can't start too early or stay on too late, and if they must be edited, there are a number of rules that must be followed in order to preserve the integrity of the original script.
Positioning
Position the caption to where the person is speaking onscreen. Otherwise, place the caption on the bottom lines at the center of the screen.
Checking and Revision
Viewing. The video and the captions are played at the same time to show what will appear in the final captioned video.Checking and revision. The captions must always be carefully checked for errors before being recorded. Automated tools can perform spelling checks, reading-rate checks, and look for technical timing errors. Actually watch the video with the captions on it in order to catch errors such as captions covering graphics, speaker's mouth, and others; or appearing too early or late.Crunching. A process called "crunching" fuses the time code to the captions. Any problems with conflicting time codes will cause the captions to move faster than the encoder will transmit and as a result, this may cause a gap or incorrectly processed words.
Approval Copy
Create a captioned approval copy of what will be encoded (for broadcast).
Encoding
After the results of the completed captioning job are satisfied, it is transferred to the videotape using a caption encoder.
Captioned Master
The captioner works closely with an engineer to produce the finished captioned videotape. The captioning file is transmitted from the computer to an encoder, where the original video, time code and new captions are recorded on the desired videotape format.Digital masters can be reproduced digitally using a proprietary process for any digital format.
Short Version of the Closed Captioning Process
The captions are activated by a built-in decoder chip to the TV. This technology decodes (figures out) the captioning signal and then captions appear on the screen.
Closed-captioned shows include prerecorded programs such as feature movies, TV series, cartoons, and other programs. A step-by-step procedure lists this process of closed-captioning programs:
The TV network or home video Company (movie videos) sends a copy of the uncaptioned videotape to a captioning agency.The captioner listens to the program dialogue.The captioner then types in the captions, ensuring that the dialogue and captions are in synchronization.A captioned disk is sent back to the TV network or Home Video Company and is combined with a new videotape, which results in a captioned sub-master tape. This process is called encoding.The TV set with the built-in decoder chip decodes (brings out) the captions on the TV screen.
Globalization is a reality for both small and large businesses because the growth markets are in Asia, Latin America and, increasingly, Africa. Strategic planning must include options for growing market share overseas, which means creating new market segments and not making assumptions on customer preferences and buying patterns based on North American customers. Businesses can use localization and translation to become effective global operations.
Localization
Localization is the modification of product design, packaging, and marketing functions to suit local markets. Product changes may be necessary to account for cultural differences and local regulations. For example, a restaurant franchiser may have to change its menu for a country that restricts the sale of certain types of meat. In addition to translation from English to the local language on product labels, companies may have to change the content or the size of their products to comply with local regulations. Marketing campaigns may need changes to respect cultural differences. For example, certain kinds of costumes or public displays of affection may not be appropriate in some countries, although a commercial featuring polar bears skiing down mountain slopes with beverages in their hands would work anywhere.
Translation
Translation is a form of localization. It involves the translation of labels, manuals, training videos, commercials and websites into local languages. To save costs, some companies develop their manuals and training materials in multiple languages, including English, Mandarin, Hindi, French, Spanish and Arabic. Corporate websites have to be translated, especially the frequently used e-commerce and help sections. Relocating managers should learn to communicate in the local language or at least understand some of the nuances of nonverbal communication. Senior management should consider the use of simultaneous translators in meetings with their global partners, especially if some of them are not comfortable communicating in English
Translation is Important Because People Prefer Their Native Language. English is the most widely spoken language. ... To effectively sell to people, it's not enough to speak a language that they understand (especially if their understanding is limited). You must speak to them in the language their heart speaks so as to achieve your goal and in return market your business.
Modern technology has made the world a much smaller place, especially when it comes to business. While your local market used to be your surrounding area, it is now the entire world. Expanding your business into the global market means that you will be working with people that speak various languages. Translation services have been rapidly expanding to make communication with those of other cultures much easier.
Here are some trends to watch in the future from a translation service provider.
The Prominence of Artificial Intelligence
The translation industry is already using artificial intelligence, but this is expected to expand even more during 2019. Older software used for translation can translate words but is unable to recognize the nuances of language. This makes it difficult to fully understand what someone is trying to say. Artificial intelligence solves this problem so that you will have no problem communicating with a foreign client or partner.
Growth of Video Translation
When working in a global market, video translation is a necessary asset. Whether you’re sending information to customers, pitching to new clients prior to meeting them face-to-face, or creating training videos for new employees in another region, video translation ensures that you are able to effectively communicate with others around the world. While video translation already plays a major role in global business, this will grow throughout 2019. The result is that you will be able to provide information about your products or services to anyone in the world.
Increase in Machine Translation with Human Post Editing
Communicating with those around the world can be difficult because of the nuance of language. Despite all of the advancements in translation technology, this remains to be one of the biggest challenges. The ability for someone to make edits to the translations when needed ensures that the right message is being sent so that there are no misunderstandings that could be detrimental to a business relationship. With more businesses desiring this capability, you will see it increase in various translation software options in 2019.
More Companies Globalizing
The primary advantage for the globalization of a company is that you can increase your client base from a few hundred thousand people to millions of people. With advancements in translation services, globalizing your products or services is much easier than ever before. As more and more companies decide to globalize, competitors are forced to follow. This is expected to continue in 2019 as more businesses will find the benefits of globalization too irresistible to ignore.
Better ROI and Cost-Effective Translation Services
As translation services have become more common, it’s created a competitive market within the industry. The result is that translation service companies are unable to continue business without improving their products. For your business, this means that you will be able to achieve a better return on your investment in the service and obtain a more cost-effective translation service. This is a trend that has already started but will continue in the future
It’s now easier than ever to expand your business into the global market and translation services are an essential part of that expansion. These are some of the trends that will continue throughout in the future.
Marketing your freelance translation business is just like marketing any other business. What it comes down to is making sure people actually know about the product or service that you're offering and then making sure they have a positive experience with that product or service.
As a freelance translator, you are providing people a service and a product. You are providing a service by translating their materials into a different language, and you are also providing a product because what you give back to them is something that you have essentially created (it just happens to reflect what they gave you, albeit in a different language).
Steps For Marketing Your Freelance Translation Business
So how should you go about getting people to know about your business? Well, here are seven steps for marketing your freelance translation business:
Tell everyone you know that you are a freelance translator. Nobody will ever know if you never open your mouth to say anything about it. Make sure that when you do tell people that you are confident about your abilities. Act like you've been doing it for a long time and people will trust you more with their work.Contact local businesses and let them know about your services. There are a ton of local businesses that could use translation services every once in a while. These businesses do not often deal with translators and so when the time comes that they need one, they go to the phone book or they find someone they know. Be the person they know.Volunteer. There are a ton of volunteer opportunities either in your community or online where you can provide translation services for free. This will get your name out there and eventually give you more exposure. Check with your local United Way or other non-profit groups in the area to see if they know of anybody in need of a translator.get online. OK, you knew this one was coming. If you're not able to find enough work in your local area, you might need to expand operations. Get online, create a website and let people know you're there. This article isn't about getting online, but there are plenty of Articles written that can help you with that.Ask former clients for referrals. If you've done a good job for a client and they were happy working with you, try and hit them up for either more work or the name of somebody that might need some work done. People are willing to pass your name on as long as you've been professional with them.Get a business card. This goes along with the first couple of tips. You can tell people until your blue in the face about your new freelance translation business, but when it comes time for them to find a translator; they'll have forgotten who it was that was telling them about their translation business. By always carrying your business card, you can give something concrete to people, and they will have something to refer back to.Don't stop. A lot of translators might do a couple of the steps outlined above, get some translation work, and then stop marketing themselves. As a translator, you should spend part of your time each day marketing your freelance translation business. The minute you stop doing that is the minute you start losing translation contracts. Better to spend a few minutes each day marketing rather than try to play catch-up every couple of weeks.


Instruction: Who Is A Production, Sound Mixer

Response:
The production sound mixer (also called the location sound mixer) is the senior-most sound position during pre-production and production. They serve as a sound recordist during filming, and are responsible for recording and balancing the audio effects on set.
It’s easy to think of film and television productions as visual mediums, but there’s a significant amount of behind-the-scenes work that goes into an entirely different sensory experience: sound. A key part of any feature film’s sound technicians is the production sound mixer, and they’re a huge part of what makes great sound possible.


Instruction: What Are The Roles Of A Sound Mixer During The Film Pre-Production Phase

Response: Chooses what audio equipment to use for that particular project, as well as providing that equipment.Visits the filming locations ahead of time to evaluate any potential sound problems, such as excessive background noise. For example, they evaluate whether there is heavy traffic noise in the area or whether the location is susceptible to high winds.Hires or assembles their team, which usually includes boom operators, sound assistants, and sometimes sound trainees.


Instruction: What Are The Roles Of A Sound Mixer During The Film Production Phase

Response: Records sound for the film on set. This includes all actors’ dialogue during every take, as well as “wild sound,” which means any location sounds that the post-production team would want to use in the film or as reference.Mixes audio in real-time, which means they balance the volume and other sound quality to ensure the audio will work for the final product.Evaluates the quality of the audio after every take and asks for retakes as needed.Sets up and takes down all sound equipment.


Instruction: Who Is A Re-Recording (Dubbing) Mixer

Response:
A re-recording mixer in North America, also known as a dubbing mixer in Europe, is a post-production audio engineer who mixes recorded dialogue, sound effects and music to create the final version of a soundtrack for a feature film, television program, or television advertisement.
Re-Recording Mixers, work with all the sound elements (dialogue, automated dialogue replacement, Foley, sound effects, atmospheres, and music), and mix them together to create the final soundtrack for a film or television production. The final mix must achieve a desired sonic balance between its various elements and must match the director's or sound designer's original vision for the project. For material intended for broadcast, the final mix must also comply with all applicable laws governing sound mixing (e.g., the CALM Act in the United States and the EBU R128 loudness protocol in Europe).  The different names of this profession are both based on the fact that the mixer is not mixing a live performance to a live audience or recording. That is, he or she is re-recording sound already recorded elsewhere after passing it through mixing equipment such as a digital audio workstation and may dub in additional sounds in the process, While mixing can be performed in a recording studio or home office, a full-size mixing stage or dubbing stage is used for feature films intended for release to movie theaters in order to help the mixer envision how the final mix will be heard in such large spaces.
General Overview Of The The Work Of A Re-Recording Mixer
During production or earlier parts of post-production, sound editors, sound designers, sound engineers, production sound mixers and/or music editors assemble the tracks that become raw materials for the re-recording mixer to work with. Those tracks, in turn, originate with sounds created by professional musicians, singers, actors, or Foley artists.The first part of the traditional re-recording process is called the "premix."" In the dialog premix, the re-recording mixer does preliminary processing, including making initial loudness adjustments, cross-fading, and reducing environmental noise or spill that the on-set microphone picked up. In most instances, audio restoration software may be employed. For film or television productions, they may add a temporary/permanent music soundtrack that will have been prepared by the music editor, then the resulting work will be reviewed by test audiences, and then the film or television program is re-cut and the soundtrack must be mixed again. Re-recording mixer may also augment or minimize audience reactions for television programs recorded in front of a studio audience. In some cases, a laugh track may augment these reactions.During the "final mix" the re-recording/dubbing mixers, guided by the director or producer, must make creative decisions from moment to moment in each scene about how loud each major sound element (dialog, sound effects, laugh track and music) should be relative to each other. They also modify individual sounds when desired by adjusting their loudness and spectral content and by adding artificial reverberation. They can insert sounds into a three-dimensional space of the listening environment for a variety of venues and release formats: movie theaters, home theater systems, etc. that have stereo and multi-channel (5.1, 7.1, etc.) surround sound systems. Today, films may be mixed in 'object-based' audio formats such as Dolby AtmosThis introduces a heightened atmosphere within the sound field with the introduction of ceiling speakers and the elimination of audio channels.


Instruction: Why Are Re-Recording Mixers Critical During The Post-Production Phase Of Film Production

Response:
One of the last steps before a film, television episode or advertisement is released to the public is assembling its soundtrack, a word which, in the industry sense, refers not just to music but to every piece of synchronized audio, including dialogue and effects. This task falls to the re-recording mixer, who takes previously recorded and edited audio elements—the work of production sound teams, dialogue editors, Foley Artists, sound effects editors, composers, music editors, and music supervisors—and layers them together, balancing the levels so that the sound tells a clear and effective story.The best re-recording mixers excel in balancing audio so that it enhances the work's storytelling without distracting from it.In many ways, re-recording mixers are the final gatekeepers through which all audio must pass in the film, television, and advertising post-production cycle. Working in two phases—an initial sound mix and a final mix after the material has been shown to test audiences—re-recording mixers attempt to fix any final audio problems that may have slipped under the radar. They cover up any environmental noise, cross-fade between different tracks, apply reverb and other filters and adjust varying audio levels, all in the pursuit of a seamless audio experience. While re-recording mixers do their fair share of technical damage control, their most important job is to ensure that the story is told effectively through the sound. This means that every piece of audio is in the right place, demanding the right amount of attention from the audience, and supporting the aesthetic direction of the project as a whole. Taking into account feedback from the supervising sound editor, test audiences, the re-recording mixer must decide when the dialogue should rule the mix when plot-relevant sound effects need to rise above other competing sounds and director.
What Do You Need, To Become A Professional Re-Recording Mixer (Film and TV)
Career PathThis is a high-responsibility role that requires impressive credentials. Most re-recording mixers have a bachelor's or master's degree in a field like audio production or engineering. They typically must work in several different roles in the world of film/television audio post-production before getting a shot at this one. Often, this means stints as a dialogue editor, effects editor, or music editor. Re-recording mixers who develop a reputation for high-quality work get the opportunity to work on a bigger budget, higher-profile work, or find a full-time position with a Hollywood audio production company. Finding Work Aspiring mixers should study up on the work of dialogue editors, effects editors, and music editors, as well as gain familiarity with audio storytelling conventions in visual media. Internships and apprenticeships in the field of audio post-production, while difficult to find, are excellent avenues toward this role—although perhaps the best résumé for a beginning re-recording mixer is a number of previous credits on independent, student, and short films. While many jobs are posted openly on traditional job listing websites, networking is a must in Hollywood, and knowing the right person can make all the difference. Professional SkillsAudio productionAudio engineeringAudio editingSound designDigital audio workstations (DAWs)Film knowledgeGood earsInterpersonal Skills This is a role in which perfectionism is allowed and even encouraged, as long as it doesn’t stand in the way of timeliness. The best re-recording mixers are usually detail-oriented, focused, humble, and speedy—capable of working self-directed for hours at a time. They are also excellent listeners in both senses of the word: they take direction well and can distinguish subtle nuances in sound. Some say that the highest compliment for a re-recording mixer is when the audience doesn’t notice the mix. This is debatable, but it's certainly true that top re-recording mixers excel in creating audio that enhances storytelling without distracting from it. Work-LifeMost re-recording mixers are either freelance or employed by audio postproduction houses. Either way, it’s typical to live near the film and television industry in Los Angeles and commute to a film studio’s soundstage when working a job. Sometimes two or more re-recording mixers work together collaboratively or in the presence of a larger creative team, but more often than not, re-recording mixers work alone. Generally, this career entails periods of focused, high-intensity work intermingled with periods of scarcity; achieving a steady workflow is one of the main measures of success.