Instruction: How Do You Know Whether Or Not To Use A Stage Name

Response: If you need to avoid union confusion. In order to avoid confusion, SAG-AFTRA doesn't allow working actors to use identical screen names. If an actor's name has already been being utilized, the brand new union member must select a new name.Sometimes that change is as simple as adding or removing a middle initial, but sometimes the name change is more significant and involved. For example, Michael Keaton came to be Michael Douglas, but his career was preceded by Michael Douglas, who beat him to the union registry.When you have a very popular or common name. Union rules aside, actors take stage names for several other reasons. If your name is a common one, there are usually others together with your same name. Actors with particularly common last names (Smith, Johnson, etc.) are likely to change their names. Maybe this is exactly why Caryn Elaine Johnson became Whoopi Goldberg.If someone famous has already been utilizing your name. Actor-writer-director Albert Brooks came to be Albert Einstein and changed his surname for obvious reasons. Singer-actor David Bowie (born David Robert Jones) changed his name to avoid confusion with singer and actor Davy Jones (of The Monkees). Many names are inspired or refer right to real-world things that may be seemingly unflattering. Some surnames (like Belcher, Hooker, etc.) have meanings that can complicate actors'attempts to cultivate the professional image they want. Classic Hollywood movie actor Cary Grant's original name Archibald Leach seemed less romantic than what Paramount Pictures wanted for the leading man.If your name doesn't represent who you are. Obviously, just like people, all names originate from somewhere. However, if your name clearly comes from a specific place and you look as you originate from someplace else entirely; you might consider utilizing a show name. For example, a fair, blonde Latina who does not speak Spanish may select a show name that conceals or obscures her heritage. If your name suggests a solid identification with a language apart from English, a level name might be something to consider.Stage names were also traditionally used to avoid discrimination or the potential for it. Ethnic names were commonly “anglicized” to produce them seem more English or American, or simply just to produce them quicker remembered and understood to the American film and television industry at large. But ethnic surnames can be a good advantage for actors as television and commercials prefer to diversify their casts. For actors today, highlighting or obscuring ethnic heritage are equally common motives for creating and utilizing an actor stage name.If your different name will soon be easier to use and understand. AEA recommends performers use names that can be simple for others to state, spell, and remember. If you need to guard your identity. Working professionally under one name while utilizing your “regular name” in the home helps some actors separate their working and private lives. For child actors, stage names can offer an added layer of identity insulation, which parents may prefer for their child's safety. Acting credits might be listed under the stage name as the legal name or birth name appears on school enrollment, sports rosters, and your regional event mentions.Actors could work for a very long time under a level name without ever changing their name legally. If you decide you'll need a stage name, what you're changing your name to depends on why you're changing it!


Instruction: How Do You Create A New And Unique Stage Name From Scratch

Context: Learning resources on media production, voice acting and audio-visual translation, dubbing, subtitling and transcriprion

Response:
Think about the connotations of the words you use. All words have connotations, and you need the ones you use in your stage name to connect with the style, culture, and genre you're trying to fit in. People tend to be more probably be drawn to a title that pertains to the genre they're interested in. Cliché or not, there exists a reason so many surf rock bands use the word "beach.""Ensure it's searchable and pronounceable. If you want individuals to be able to find you online, having a period name as "Pencil" will probably hinder you. Your stage name must certainly be something which can be put into Google just since it is, and comes up along with your online presence. And if people can't hear what you're saying once you tell them your name, or they can't spell it after hearing it, that's an additional roadblock to being remembered.Choose something that you could at the very least pretend you have an account for. If you've picked an excellent stage name that's memorable and stands out, people are likely to ask you about it. You intend to have more to express other than it sounded well. The simplest way to do this is to take into account picking a stage name which in fact means something for you, at the very least in a few small ways.Test your name out. Try to have just as much feedback as you are able to from friends and people you know about your brand-new stage name. Maybe your name makes a guide that is too obscure, or it isn't as easy to know when spoken in a packed bar as you thought. Getting second and third opinions is vital because your stage name is all about how you need individuals to see you.
Being an actor, and therefore a person in the movie industry, you will need to make an effort to understand the countless key folks who are important to your career.  There are numerous different people in the entertainment industry who are important to an actor. It's important that you know who this type of person and what they do since you might be working closely together really soon as your career begins to take off. Here are a few you should know.


Instruction: Who Are The People Involved In The Acting Business

Response:
1. The Talent Agent
A talent agent is someone who finds work for an actor in trade for 10-15% (10% for union actors, typically more for non-union) of the actors' earnings. They have a large network of contacts and clients and use this network to have interviews and auditions for the actor. They also will continue to work on the terms of your contract whenever you get a job. As an actor, you are the product and the agent can be said to be the salesperson.
2. The Manager
A manager is a person hired by the actor to locate work, give advice, and generally guide the actor's career. With the exception of child actors (who often need extra development and guidance to the business), most actors won't require an actual manager until they're very successful.
3. The Casting Director (CD)
The Casting Director (CD) is hired by the producers of a show to locate talent (or "cast"") for the show. These are individuals who the agent will send photos and resumes to, and the actor will audition for. While it is achievable to submit your photo and resume directly to a Casting Director, they mostly consider actors submitted by an agent.
4. The Producer
A producer is a person in charge of most of the "behind the scenes" work of a show or film. They bring together the script, director, and actors, then oversee the film until it is released. The easiest way into Hollywood is knowing a company, be they family or friends. Unfortunately, for the majority of us, this isn't possible. But if you do happen to really have a connection, don't hesitate to use it. Who knows, you could be the next Tori Spelling.
5. The Director
The director is one who interprets the written book or script. This individual oversees all creative areas of the production. Also, the one who yells "Action!""
6. The Director of Photography
The director of photography is the person with expertise in the art of capturing images. Here is the person accountable for creating the overall look of the film. Including creating the shots by establishing the placement of both cameras and lights. He or She is the chief cinematographer.
Now that you understand who's who, take a little time and brush up on some film vocabulary. Like every other business, the film industry has unique terminology and language. The more terms you understand, the easier it is to understand everything going on around you.
What Are The Meanings Of Some Terminology Used In The Acting Business?


Instruction: 1. What Is An "Audition""

Response: An audition is the first time you go in for an acting job. You will be required to read a script or do whatever of the casting director asks you to do.


Instruction: 2. What Is A "Callback""

Response: A Callback is basically the second audition. After you've already auditioned for a role, the director, producer, the ad agency and others will be present to see the best of the best, from the shortlisted auditioners.


Instruction: 3. What Are "Sides""

Response: Slides are parts of a script that you will be asked to read. Casting directors choose specific pages in a script for actors to audition with. They could be consecutive scenes, one line, or sections from different parts of a full screenplay.


Instruction: 4. What Does "On Avail" Mean

Response: This is where the casting director calls your agent or manager to ask if you're available for the specified shoot dates. The director then takes note of your availability and informs the person deciding on who to cast.


Instruction: 5. What Does "On Hold" Mean

Response: After asking if you're available for the shoot dates, this is where the film stakeholders book out time, for you. However, this doesn't mean you've got the work. Regardless, they will be paying you a holding fee to claim that day, until they finally decide whether or not they would wish to cast you.


Instruction: 6. What Is A "Booking" In Acting

Response: A booking is basically any acting job you get to be a cast in.


Instruction: 7. What Is The Meaning Of, To "Book out""

Response: When you are unavailable to audition or work on projects for almost any reason (vacation, illness, other bookings). You need to inform your agent for them to book you out on their calendar and not submit you for work throughout that time.


Instruction: 8. What Is A "Go See" In Acting

Response: This is basically a modeling audition. You go in, show your portfolio, they see you and then take a photo. Hence the name "go see.""


Instruction: 9. What Is A "Voice-Over""

Response: A voice-over is an artistic work that involves voice recordings only. There is no on-camera work, therefore it generally does not matter how you look like or how old you are, only what you sound like or what you can do with your voice.


Instruction: 10. What Is A "Demo Reel""

Response: A demo reel is a collection of clips of your projects from commercials, television, film and more. This showcases your talent.


Instruction: 11. What Is A "Headshot""

Response: A headshot is an image of you, usually consisting of your head and shoulders, or from the waist up (¾ shot).


Instruction: 12. What Is A "Zed Card""

Response: A Zed Card is a modeling card (similar to a headshot) but is double-sided with four to five pictures showcasing different looks.


Instruction: 13. What Is "The Board" In Auditioning

Response: The board is posted at casting sessions; it instructs you what direction to go and provides all the audition information needed.


Instruction: 14. What Is "The Mark" In Filming

Response: The mark is typically an "X" marked by tape that indicates where you are to stand whenever you fall into line for the camera.


Instruction: 15. What Is "Slate" In Auditioning

Response:
This is when you say your name, age, and show profiles of your face prior to beginning the actual audition.
16. What Is "Cold Read" In Auditioning?
A Cold Read is when you are given a script and expected to do with no time to study and prepare.


Instruction: 17. What Is A "Cast Breakdown" In Casting

Response: A cast breakdown is a listing of characters and attributes. Including ethnicity, age, personality traits and any restrictions or specifications a casting director will put together for sending to agents to be able to cast a project. Essentially a description of every character.


Instruction: 18. Who Is A "Principal" Actor

Response: A principal is the main actor, or one whose face is seen on camera.


Instruction: 19. Who Is An "Extra" Actor

Response: A background actor who doesn't have spoken lines.


Instruction: 20. What Are "Regional" Commercials

Response: Regional Commercials refer to commercials that are broadcast in a specified area of the country.


Instruction: 21. What Are "National" Commercials

Response:
National Commercials refer to commercials that can be broadcast nationwide
22. What Is "The Screen Actors Guild (SAG)""?
Screen Actors Guild (SAG) is the main acting union that protects actors' wages and working conditions.


Instruction: 23. What is A "Non-Union" Actor or Project

Response:
A project or actor that's not associated with or doesn't belong to an actor's union, such as SAG or AFTRA.
24. What Is  "Taft Hartley""?
Taft Hartley is the fine a business must buy employing a non-union actor on a union job.
25. What Is A "Residuals" Payment in Acting?
Residuals payments are money paid to an actor every time a union job (commercial, television show, film) is broadcast.


Instruction: 26. What Is A "Buy-Out" Payment in Acting

Response:
A buy-out is when an actor is paid a flat fee instead of residuals.
27. What Is A "Cable" Broadcast
A Cable Broadcast refers to when something will broadcast only on cable channels.


Instruction: 28. What Is A "Wild Spot" In Commercials

Response:
A wild Spot identifies whenever a project (mostly commercials) will run on both network and cable programming.
29. What Is A "Scale" Of Payment In Acting?
The minimum amount an actor can be paid for a job as set forth by the union.
30. What Is The "Session Fee" Of Payment In Acting?
This term sometimes used instead of "scale"". However, it can also refer to non-union work, where pay is a set amount per day or per week.
31. What Is A "Non-Air" Filming?
Something that's being produced as a test and won't air on television.
32. What Is  a "PSA" In Broadcast?
A public service announcement.


Instruction: 33. What Is "Pre-Read" In Auditioning

Response: A pre-read is when you are called in to read for a television show or other filmed project. It is not really an audition, more like a pre-audition. Pre-reads are usually very brief.


Instruction: 34. What is A "Sitcom""

Response: A  Sitcom is a half-hour comedy show.


Instruction: 35. What is "MOW" In Film

Response: MOW stands for (Movie Of the Week). It is basically the video of the week, produced for television broadcast.


Instruction: 36. What Is "Screen Test" In Auditioning

Response: This Is The final audition for a film or television series, as a regular cast member. This usually requires you to undergo hair and make-up, and perform a scene on camera, as you would on a regular workday in order for the producers to finalize casting.


Instruction: 37. What Is "Type" In Casting

Response: This Is what you will be typecast as; such as girl next door, nerd, tough guy, rebel, the funny one, closest friend, etc.


Instruction: 38. What Is "Age Range" In Acting

Response:
Age Range is the range of ages that you can realistically play as an actor.
A talent agent is someone who finds work for an actor in trade for 10-15% (10% for union actors, typically more for non-union) of the actors' earnings. They have a large network of contacts and clients and use this network to have interviews and auditions for the actor.
A manager is a person hired by the actor to locate work, give advice, and generally guide the actor's career.
The Casting Director (CD) is hired by the producers of a show to locate talent (or "cast"") for the show. These are individuals who the agent will send photos and resumes to, and the actor will audition for.
A producer is a person in charge of most of the "behind the scenes" work of a show or film. They bring together the script, director, and actors, then oversee the film until it is released.
The director is one who interprets the written book or script. This individual oversees all creative areas of the production. Also, the one who yells "Action!""
The director of photography is the person with expertise in the art of capturing images. Here is the person accountable for creating the overall look of the film. Including creating the shots by establishing the placement of both cameras and lights. He or She is the chief cinematographer.
I recently wrote an article on why subtitlers are the unsung heroes of cinematography, what it is they do, and what their prowess entails. I thought to myself well I have also written a lot about the art of translation, but I have never really written about the people who do all these translation works that we seem to always enjoy, and who have also helped in bringing the world together, by manipulating and availing different language content to all of us.  In this article, we look at who a translator is, what it is they really do, and their purpose in the world today.
One thing everyone should be able to note is that there are three different translators in the world today. There are service providers that offer professional translators for hire, freelance translators, and machine translators. Service providers who offer translators for-hire are like owned businesses who have professional translators as employees, and so they offer outsourced business plans for anyone in need of translation services. A freelance translator is a professional translator who works at their own time and peril under no strict rules of an employer to offer translation services while machine translators are software that offer simple translation services. In this article, we won't look at the machine translators rather than the other two.
Large businesses and individuals are constantly looking for translators day in day out to use their services to expand their businesses. This only shows how important translators are and how their work ends up impacting businesses in a positive and great way.  Translators have proven to be useful, resourceful, and sprightly in situations that are rather dull and boring.
Did you know that with the rate at which you will not miss at least 5 professional translators in a group of 100 people? I bet you did not know that, but that is the reality of the matter. We will look at what being a translator entails and some important facts that usually surround the world of translation. You should note that just like how any other service provider or business entity has a set of rules that govern how they work is the same way translators do.
Translators have an extreme level of prowess in what they do.  If you thought to be a translator only entails being able to have an understanding of different languages depending on the pairs of languages you have to work with, then I would really love to blow your bubble because that is not the case. Just because translators seem like they have it easy by being able to work from the comfort of their homes, doesn't mean that their work is easy. They must understand the cultural differences of the languages they are working with and also be able to translate and make sure that the context and meaning of the original language are the same as the target language and this needs an extreme level of prowess. Translators are certified professionals. I honestly never understand when people conclude that translators are not really professionals because of how the details surrounding their job descriptions are. Well, as much as translators don't really wear suits and ties, they are every bit of professional just like all office going employees. I bet some of you don't even know that translators go to school to sharpen their skills. There is a huge number of certified translators in the world today, over 250,000 translators have certificates that show their professional levels. Next time you see a translator better treat them like the professionals they are.It's always good to work with more than less. I don't know who pushed this whole lie that if one is a professional, then they should and must can do all the work by themselves and be able to complete it perfectly. This is the thing with translators there is only so much one translator can do and the more they are the better. Companies who have large files and in search of translators must also pay an amount that matches the amount of work. Translators are professionals, not slaves, and we should treat them like professionals.A high number of translators usually have English as their target language. I bet this is a surprise to you. English is one of the most translated languages out there, and a lot of translators usually translate different languages into the English language. This is because a lot of documents in different countries are usually in their native languages, and so the need to have them translated to the English language is very high. If you thought everyone in the world speaks English, then now you know that it's just a small percentage of people who speak English in the entire world. There are specific languages that translators work with on a daily.Translators have specific languages that they work with more than the others. Service providers with translation services have caught on the wave, and they hire translators who understand these languages more. These languages are French, Spanish, German, and Japanese. Just like how the English language is globally these languages are next in line and eventually, they will are also global. Translators have a hard time translating Arabic documents to any other language. I can't explain how many translators shy away from any project that needs them to work with the Arabic language. You see how marketing officials get worked up when they have to make a presentation, that's the same way translators get when they have to work on files that have the Arabic language. First, we usually write the Arabic language is from right to left, while we write other languages from left to right. Next time you see a not so perfect document in the Arabic language, just understand that it's not the easiest to work with and commend the translators for their effort.  Translators denoted that the Chinese language has punctuation marks. Where did these lies come from? That the Chinese language does not have punctuation marks. If it's not the Chinese who said this, then the person who came up with this conclusion lied and lied big time. Translators who have been working with the Chinese language have been on a journey of making people understand that the language has punctuation marks that also work perfectly well. Can you imagine a language without punctuation marks, is there a language out there that doesn't have punctuation marks? I don't really know, but what translators are letting us know is that the Chinese language has punctuation marks.Translators find vowels hard to translate. Did you know that the hardest thing for translators to translate is vowels? I'm sure you did not. When a translator has to work with languages that are vowel free as the target language from a language that has vowels, this becomes hard for them. There are languages like Arabic, Amharic, Hebrew, and Tigrinya which have no vowels. Translating to these languages is always a hassle for translators. Words like facetious or abstemious are words that would cause world war 3 for translators if they had to translate them to some aforementioned languages. A translator who can translate perfectly well into those languages is an enigma and very rare in that case.They also get translator blocks. What this means is that translators also come across languages that prove to be very hard for them to work with unless they are native speakers of those languages. I used to think if you do something for a long period, then you become perfect because they also say that practice makes perfect. That is not the case for translators with languages like Arabic, Hungarian, Japanese, Finnish, Korean, Navajo, Icelandic, Basque, Polish and Chinese. You can work on them as many times as possible but every time they meet a new document on any of these languages then it's like taking on something new and it usually makes things difficult. So the next time, you are getting something translated into one of these languages, give some breathing room to the translator.  He or she knows what they are doing, but they need time.
I will not rule out that translators have it easy with certain language pairs and also have it rough with others. From the facts I have mentioned above, you can tell which pairs are good for them and which ones are usually a little harder. You should be able to understand and respect the work that translators do and give them time to work on a project in order for them to ensure that they offer you the best services they can.
Before you embark on a journey there is a specific "ritual" you do to ensure that you are 100% ready for your journey and the same thing usually happens before we do anything. The preparation process before the exact process begins is what ensures that you follow through and easily with your plans or whatever it is you would love to do.
In this article, we will look at the steps everyone who has a plan of seeking translation services should be able to do and follow through before contacting a translator. Many people don't really know that this is an important thing to do but trust me, it makes your work and that of the translators easy.
I'm sure you have heard of the saying that goes, "Not preparing is preparing to fail" and this is very true because I can't tell you how many things I have had to put on hold because I didn't really prepare well before I embarked on them. Now I know better and my preparation ritual is very successful.


Instruction: What Are The Steps One Has To Follow Before Contacting A Translation Service Provider

Response:
So what are the steps one has to follow before contacting a translator or a translation service provider:
Depict how many target languages you would love to work with. This sounds easy and simple to the ears, but it's not. Yes deciding on what language you want to work with is a matter of just saying, I would love to work with A, B, and C and note it down but the reality of the matter is that all these languages have a lot of specifics that you must be able to look into and understand well. All languages have different cultural values, beliefs, linguistic differences and so on and so forth. You should be able to specify your target market in order for the translator to know what words to use when translating, whether it's for youths, old people, business entrepreneurs and so on and so forth. Also, if a language is being spoken multiple regions, you should be able to know which area you are targeting so that your translator doesn't end up doing the translation for a region you were not targeting. Being able to have this depicted from scratch makes everything easy for everyone and also for you because you wouldn't want to work on a new language or something you forgot to include when planning when everything else is being completed.Make sure that all documents being translated are complete and in good form. As someone who works in the translation industry, I can't tell you how many companies feel the need to bring in incomplete work for translation with the general request that they will keep on bringing more than the time goes. When this happens, you find out that the translators end up finishing the work they have and since they can't take on a new project they have to wait for these businesses to bring in more work thus making them waste their time. If that's not enough, bringing in last-minute corrections on translated documents may either alter the context of the translated documents or the thought process of the translator working on them. I highly recommend avoiding this because it really does brings in a lot of alterations which eventually end up making the whole translation project a hassle. So it's very important to make sure that your documents are complete and without errors before you bring them in for translation because a lot of translators don't enjoy being given the extra job of editing and making sure that documents are accurate without their pay increase.Be sure of the scope of the whole project. Everything with a start most definitely must have an end. A lot of businesses usually have targets and deadlines and whatnot. This ensures that everyone follows through and stays within a specific scope of time. We expect the same thing of you as the person in need of translation services. A lot of clients usually work with the service provider's availability, but most times businesses have deadlines to meet and they usually need a scope for their work finished so they can either use it in another industry or sell it. It is important to look at this seriously and plan on it too, so you don't end up being disappointed. Everything is a plan and once the plan is already in place, then it's very easy to work with it. If you give a translator a deadline, then it's very easy for them to plan and work around your time scope. This also ensures that you talk to the translators and let them know which part they should work on more and concentrate on more than the other parts.Expectations if the translation process. I honestly don't think there are businesses that would come up with a budget for a process that doesn't benefit them in the long run. When embarking on something, everyone has their expectations. They might have the time scope on how long they want it to take, the turnaround time that will work in towards their long-term goals, and so on. What this does is that it makes the whole process worthwhile because you know how long a certain project will take, whether it's enough time for the translators to deliver and whether it is okay with the effect to what you want the translations for. Be sure to not have unrealistic expectations and put shorter deadlines to work around your schedule and expecting that everything will go as so. The best thing to do for your business is to ensure that what you expect is realistic.Be sure of the formats you want the documents to be after translation. It is very important to know what formats you want the translated documents to be in the long run. There is nothing as bad as working with a service provider who has specific file formats they work with, but since you did not confirm with them, you end up using the formats they have. First, ask your service provider what file formats they work with and which ones they don't, so you don't end up with something they did not want.Ensure to have a glossary with the translation team. This is very important, however, people constantly ignore it, or forget to do it. It's very important to understand that there are different translations types that usually affect a lot of things in the long run. Depending on what kind of translation you want there is a specific jargon to used to maintain the context of the original language and that is why it is advisable to have a glossary list. This is more important for documents with large amounts of content. A translation glossary will determine the complexity of the language used and guide the translator on the path to take when doing the translations. Creating a glossary entails finding a certain number of words (the number depends on the size of your project), and making use of an in-country reviewer from your company’s team.Establish prices of translation services. Everything that I have mentioned above eventually come together to ensure you come up with the budget for the translations you want. Deciding what on the documents for translation, and calculating your budget to fit the amount of work you want, is so easy but now getting a service provider to work with your budget and still ensure perfect work that within the deadlines, is the tricky part. Therefore, you must establish all this and then look for a service provider who will give you exactly what you want. Most translation service providers are very constant and the only way to ensure that you get one that is good, it's to do thorough research.
Now that you know the steps you need to take in order for you to ensure that you get the best translation services there are, I presume you will follow them through every time you have to. If you need your project to be as easy and smooth sailing, it is very good to follow through with these steps. They are so simple, yet very important.


Instruction: Why Should We Adapt Translations For Dubbing To Different Cultures

Response:
The process of film dubbing has grown to be a sort-after process in film production. While it is still unknown to many people, film production houses always prefer to use subtitles on their films as a way of localizing their content to cut across boards. After a lot of research, and I concluded, and it's a reality that many people don't enjoy reading subtitles when watching films and thus why film production houses have opted to use the dubbing process more compared to the subtitling one. Did you know that an audience wouldn't be able to tell whether a film is original or dubbed depending on how well one does the dubbing? Before I got into the film dubbing industry, I constantly watched a lot of dubbed films without even knowing that I was interacting with dubbed content. That is how I knew this process was being executed impeccably.
So how does one make sure that they have dubbed their film in the best way possible, you may ask? A lot of factors go into ensuring that you carry any dubbing process out to perfection and beyond. From ensuring that the text translation is on point, to make sure you get the best possible and suitable voice actors for all the actors on the original film to also making sure that they play their roles perfectly and to eventually making sure that the recorded (dubbed) voices synchronized with the original film perfectly. You can see that it's a lot of steps that go into ensuring that a film perfectly dubbed. In this article, we will look at the translation bit. You might have an amazing group of voice actors, but if the translation from the original language to the target language bad, then the whole process will end up being useless.
There are a lot of factors that come into play when one is looking to do a translation for a film. We all know that translation deals with languages and different languages have different cultural beliefs. This is one of the main things that translation focuses on. As a film producer, the main reason you would want to dub your film into a specific language is so you can create a fan base in that other language. Imagine ending up offending your target market because a certain translated scene did not sit well with their cultural beliefs or worse enough ended up being offensive? That is just one factor that one needs to look into when providing a translation for film dubbing, and we will look at them in-depth on this article.


Instruction: What Cultural And Linguistic Features That Come To Play In Film Dubbing Translation

Response:
Below are the cultural and linguistic features that come to play when dealing with film dubbing translation:
Culture-specific references: When translating from one language to another, the translator must know the two languages he or she is working on are different in culture. Whatever is specific to a particular language is definitely not specific to the other language. Things like institutions, hospitals, sports and pastimes, food and drink, events, festivities, famous people, personalities and many more. There are things to consider unless stated otherwise by the production team. Not taking this into consideration ends up giving the translated language a context that is not relatable to them or differs totally from the original language context. A translator must note that and eventually decide on how to deal with the issue at hand, depending on the particular case.Language-specific features: This is another important factor. There are specific features exclusive to certain languages and may not apply in other languages. During translations, the translator should take this into consideration. One thing is for sure if you are working with a professional translator who has worked on such kinds of projects then they already know that they should take such factors seriously. However, if not then you as a production director should make it known to them. Some language features I am talking about are things like language variation, forms of address and endearment, taboo language and so on and so forth, etc. An example of this would be the polite forms of address in English and Spanish. While the first language would commonly use “Mr.” or “Mrs.” to address somebody unknown or as a sign of respect, the “equivalent” use of “Señor” and “Señora” may not always work in a translation, mainly because of them becoming less used than before. On such an occasion the translator has no choice but to make sure he gets the best word to work, hand in hand, and still maintain the meaning and context of the original language. Borderline features: These are features that don't fit into the cultural and language features because they are general but also require the target audience to note that they are general terms that can carry a specific meaning or message depending on the language that they are in. It requires the target audience to possess a high understanding of culture-specific references and lingua-specific features. The borderline features are things like metaphor, idioms, allusions, verbally expressed humor, songs, rhymes, poetry, and gestures. A good example would be how it is disrespectful to chew, while in other countries it is not.  Here, it is really the translator's job to ensure that he translates and relays the intended message correctly.Visual features: These are specific visual representations that hold a specific meaning to a particular language that an audience from another language would most probably not understand. A good example would be Poppies which have a significant meaning in the UK and other Commonwealth countries, we have used them as a remembrance symbol since 1921 to commemorate soldiers who have died in the war. I am sure that a poopy will not have this same meaning for a Spanish public unless somebody has specific knowledge about it, but that would be an exception. It's very rare to find someone who knows specific facts about a language that is not theirs or they have never been interested in. However, this is their own classification adapted for their own purposes and, therefore, the analysis that in this work will make a difference. In such situations, the best thing is to either add a prior explanation of what specific visual features mean and represent.


Instruction: How Do You Deal With Translation Problems In Film Dubbing

Response:
We will go further and try to see different things you can do to curb some problems and hurdles that come with translating for film dubbing:
Adaptation: This is the technique in which one can replace the original word with another word that means the same thing, or rather represents the same thing in the target language. This though only mainly works for normal translations that do not have any visual representation. It might not always work for dubbing because of the visual channel that might present with the translated voice-over.Compensation: This is the technique in which the word says the translator tried to compensate with something that will have close meaning to the original statement. This would usually happen, for instance, where it is hard to translate from one language to another. A lot of translators usually use this technique, which always ends up being the best way to translate certain phrases or statements. The most important thing is to always keep the context intact.Established equivalent: There are certain phrases that may not have a direct translation, but according to the dictionary, they might possess the same meaning. Translators usually use this technique in such instances where they only have to maintain context and the meaning the original knowledge was after. This though might not work the same way for dubbing because of the possibility of the translated text to have more words or fewer words compared to the original and synchronization might be a problem.  Generalization: This might be the main technique a lot of translators use. It is equally the easiest to use and works perfectly for both dubbing and general translations. This is where one may use a more general or neutral term that has the same meaning as the original term. Getting a native speaker translator works wonders for this technique because chances are they know more words than a translator who is not a native speaker. A good example is translating the French terms guichet, fenêtre or denture -all different windows or windows in English. Borrowing: This technique means exactly what it represents. It's the technique of borrowing words and terms that have the same meaning, even if the translation might not be direct. This technique makes translation super easy because the translator doesn't have to make sense of a specific term when translating it to another language.
There are a lot of other techniques that make the translation a little bearable for translators, but the mentioned techniques are the ones that used most and also work well for dubbing. It is important to note that translation might be the most important step to ensuring that your dubbing process turns out perfect.
For starters, I'm one of those people who never feel the need to use subtitles when watching films, and I really never get bothered. However, I think I should start switching them on because there are a lot of ways I can benefit.
There is a reason film producers feel the need to include subtitles in their films. In this article, we will look at why everyone should use subtitles if they don't already do it.


Instruction: What Are The Reasons You Should Use Subtitles

Response:
Many people have told me how beneficial it is to the viewer to use subtitles more than not using them and I went on my search escapades and came up with 12 reasons to use subtitles and I will mention them below.
Using subtitles will help you learn a new language. Ever wondered how easy it is for certain people to grasp a foreign language and start speaking it with so much ease? Yes, this all thanks to switching on subtitles when watching a foreign language film. If you are specific on what kind of language you want to learn and constantly use its subtitles, then you would learn the language faster. It definitely doesn't happen overnight, I will tell you that for sure but as you build a habit of using subtitles to learn the language, then it eventually gets easier and to be more fluent you can take on classes for that language.Many people love traveling to different countries across the board with a specific need or want to engage with other people's cultures. If you are a person who travels a lot, then you would understand what I mean. Using subtitles does exactly this, different languages have different cultures and using subtitles of a language that you are not conversant with usually integrates into that language and culture and you get to learn a thing or two about other cultures. This is super beneficial for people who have an interest in learning other people's cultures, subtitles really come in handy in such instances.Subtitles ensure that you do not miss any words or terms. When watching a film have you ever felt like there were specific words or terms that you did not understand well?. It might be because the pronunciations of the actors are not good enough or they have a thick accent and so their diction gets distorted. When using subtitles, you won't have to struggle to get these words or rewind every other time just to catch a phrase. You can just follow through the subtitles and get all the words film with no hustle.For people with a hearing problem or a slow learning disability, using subtitles is the best thing you can do for yourself or for them. It makes the whole film watching experience superb and worthwhile because then they are part of the fun. Also, since other films come with a way to add the speed of the subtitles on the screen or make it slower, those who have a slow learning disability can follow through at their own pace and understand every text.Unless you are in a movie theatre watching a movie, then it's safe to say that you will always come across background noise when watching a movie anywhere else that is not a movie theatre. This brings us to our next point of why you should be using subtitles. In such a scenario you will watch the movie and follow through with the subtitles and still enjoy it even though you are in a noisy area and you can't do anything about it. You can also get a scene where the character is mumbling, or a crowd is talking and you can't fully comprehend what is being said, the subtitles would really help you denote that and clear all your doubts on the same.Those people who go to watch movies in the library or at the office, really benefit so much from using subtitles without having to disturb others with the noise. Subtitles are great for places and environments which are sound sensitive. Perhaps you can use your headphones or earphones, but the reality of the matter is that we forget our earphones and have to watch a movie or a short video. Subtitles really help in such situations because all you have to do is mute the sound and follow-through using the subtitles. Since making noise for others and being rude is not on the table, then using subtitles is the best way out for sure.I don't know how true this is but many people say that content with subtitles usually increases engagement so much so it's too good to be true. I didn't know that many people prefer to read through subtitles on video content than listening to it. Facebook has a lot of videos, but with help from text captions, many people access the content on the videos without having to open them. If you are a content creator, then it is very advisable to get on that bandwagon and start creating subtitles for your content if you want to increase the engagement on them. They say give the people what they want and if creating subtitles will give the user a good experience when engaging with your content, then that's exactly what you should do.For film production houses who would love to create more different language subtitles for the original film than creating the first general language, subtitles will come in handy because then it becomes easy to translate those subtitles to other languages without the need to use the original script. This makes work easy and straightforward for translators because it means they don't have to follow the rules and guidelines for creating subtitles and all they have to do is just translate.The best thing with content creation is how easy it becomes to repurpose a lot of the content one creates. If subtitles are perfect, then you can repurpose them into blogs which later creates a passive income for you and your company. Depending on what your content is, being able to let the people decide on how they would love to engage with your content is something a lot of content creators should strive to do. Have your content in blog form, audio form and also video form and let your viewers decide on how they want to interact with it. It's also a great way to be versatile, and viewers always love that.If you have ever been on YouTube trying to search for a particular video and it was harder than if you would have searched for the same content on Google then you know why having texts in form of subtitles on your videos is beneficial for your target market. What it does this, is that it makes it easier for search engine optimization to work for YouTube and help one get the video they are searching for easily. Even though there are many ways of doing that, there’s no doubt that having closed captions on your YouTube video can impact your SEO (search engine optimization) and make it easier for your videos to be discoverable.Subtitles on film videos help many people increase their literacy and comprehension levels, which makes you excel in other parts of your life. It gets you going well on your Reading speed and fluency, Word knowledge, Vocabulary acquisition, Word recognition and Listening for comprehension. It is advisable for parents to encourage their children to watch audio learning materials that have closed captions or subtitles to get them used to this at an earlier stage in life.I don't know if this is a problem many people have, or it's just that nowadays lots of people are absent-minded or daydreaming and they can't really keep up with their concentration levels. Having subtitles on videos helps with the reduction of concentration fatigue because as weird as it may sound, keeping up with subtitles may be quite an interesting thing for some people and thus increasing their concentration levels.
With that said, we can all see why we should use subtitles from time to time and how they might benefit us in the long run. Many people don't feel comfortable using them and neither do they enjoy using them and that is okay but if you are like me who has learned a thing or two from this article, then you should start using subtitles and see how it changes your view on them.
Transcription is creating text files from already recorded audio or video files and live proceedings. I recently wrote about steps to take when creating transcripts from the already recorded video and audio files and I thought why not do the same thing but now for live proceedings. Examples of transcripts taken during live proceedings are transcripts, written during court proceedings, public speeches, business meetings, and university lectures. In this article we look at the different steps we can use when writing such transcripts to get the best out of the whole process experiencing no hurdles along the way.


Instruction: What Should You Do When Transcribing Live Proceedings

Response:
Sit in a very convenient position. A lot of things can happen during live proceedings. It's good to note that this point is more relatable in an environment where the speech being given or during court proceedings or business meetings. It is also not exclusive for that environment only, it can also apply for television or radio proceedings. A lot of things can go wrong during a live proceeding where the microphone stops working, or it's not loud enough. A lot of things might happen that might affect your process of creating the transcripts. Sitting closer to the speaker would be convenient because at least it's easy to listen to something when you are close to someone than when you are sitting far. The reality of the matter is, proceedings will continue regardless of whether the microphones or sound amplifiers are working well or not. This is an important point to note because you do not want to interrupt your work in the middle of a proceeding, looking for a better place to sit. It will just make your transcript writing process harder and complicated.
Have a good recording device. Have you ever wondered why a lot of journalists usually have voice recorders with them during press conferences, even though they are always taking notes on their notebooks? If you have never asked yourself why that is, then I will gladly let you know. Most times the recordings usually work as some form of a backup for any information that they might have missed or not understood well. The same thing happens when a transcriber is writing a transcript for a live proceeding. It is always very important to have a good voice recorder that has no sound distortion. This usually works to your benefit because if you miss a certain point or if the speaker's talking speed is much faster as compared to your typing or writing speed you will have a backup to compare notes with. Another thing is that you might understand word or sentences and end up writing your own things, so a recorded version of the proceeding will work great for you. As many journalists usually use professional recording devices, you can use your cell phone for the recording or depending on how invested you are in your craft, you can invest in a good digital recorder that will serve for a long time and its content is usually topnotch. You can forget writing your transcript but please do not forget recording the live proceeding and you will thank me later. If you have an iPhone or an iPod touch, you can record using the Voice Memo app. For Android users, download the Smart Voice Recorder app or the Easy Voice Recorder app.
Take notes. I hope you did not take my point about forgetting to write your transcript and record the proceedings; I was just joking because it is very important if not the most important thing to write your notes. You might write your notes on your notebook- computer, phone or whatever way you please.  Whichever way that makes you comfortable is what you should probably go with, because it also depends on what your speed is in relation to that of the proceeding. You might be someone with a high typing speed or a high writing speed, so whatever works well for you is what you should strive to use. This will allow you to make notes that will be suitable in writing the main transcript without losing the context of the original content.  When taking your notes, sit at a position where you will hear what is being said, which also makes your work super easy.
Set up a recording device. On the previous point, I mentioned that you should get a recording device so you can record the proceedings for future use when you are editing your already written transcript just for comparison. Setting it up is what I did not touch on and it's exactly what we will touch on, at this point. The set up should be very close to the speaker. The proximity between the speaker and the recording device is very crucial. Have you ever tried to record someone's speech and eventually you end up with a sound that is not very clear and it's distorted? That is exactly what we are trying to avoid. Set up your device at a place where you know the sound will turn out perfectly well for you to use. Have a backup recording device because you cannot really fully trust these electronics. Also, have extra batteries.
Be sure to take detailed notes. I know I already mentioned that you should take notes during the proceedings, which will make work easier for you. You might wonder why to take notes if you are already taking a recording of the whole proceedings. You should know that the recording does not really capture the body language of the speaker and some of their reactions, which are very important in trying to get a full picture and feel of the proceeding on your transcript. You should also be able to write important notes on what your thoughts and opinions about what is being said are. Taking notes of your opinions will allow you to at least have a back of your first impressions written, and this might help you when you create your transcript. These notes will help provide context when you are transcribing the document. Also, include the speakers and the names or initials as they speak. This will really make your work super simple and easy.
Transfer the recording to a computer. When the proceedings are over and you would like to work on the transcript as soon as possible before your deadline reaches, then you should transfer your recording to a computer. A lot of the digital recorders usually come with software that will allow you to upload the recording on a computer. If you used your phone to record, then you can use a USB cable to transfer the audio files to your computer. Using a computer will be easier for you to transcribe by using any of the many transcription software out there. Be sure to use a software that allows you to amplify the sound and also allows you to forward, pause, stop, rewind and play the audio file. With this step, it's good to note that you are almost nearing completion of your line proceedings transcription process.
Go through the recorded audio systematically with the transcript and notes you took. This is the step where you compare the notes you took with the recorded audio you have of the proceedings. On this step, it's very important to be very keen and attentive because you can miss a very important point if you are not serious. For those of you who prefer just making a recording and not taking any notes, then this is the step where you literally write the transcript from scratch, having no other place to refer to other than the audio. It is advisable to use headphones or earphones that are good and don't distort sound or else you might end up not getting the important points from your audio.
Edit and proofread while using a dictionary for hard words. This is probably the last step in writing your transcripts. This is the step that closes the whole process and determines whether your transcription prowess is top-notch or just ordinary. There is nothing worse than handing in a transcript that has grammatical errors and spelling errors. As a transcriber, these are the two main mistakes you should strive to stay clear of because they end up making you look terrible, more so if you had ample time to work on the transcript. You should be able to check for spelling errors and use a dictionary if you have to, and also confirm if all your statements are grammatically correct. If you can go through your transcript and make sure everything is in check, then you can submit your work to your client.
Following all these steps when taking live proceeding transcripts will make sure you come up with transcripts that will show your prowess and your client will love with your work. You might not think all the steps are necessary but to each their own but I truly voucher for all these steps. If you are a transcriber, you can try them out and see how well they work for you.
- Make sure to sit in a very convenient position.- Have a good recording device. - Take notes. - Set up a recording device.  - Be sure to take detailed notes.  - Transfer the recording to a computer. - Go through the recorded audio systematically with the transcript and notes you took. - Edit and proofread while using a dictionary for hard words.
There are different kinds of transcripts. You can create transcripts from ready recorded audio or video files or create transcripts from a live proceeding. Most of the transcripts in films are from already recorded audio and film videos while the transcripts of the live proceedings are usually from court proceedings, hospital sessions, University lectures, Business meetings, and even radio, television, and film programs. In order for a transcriber to do transcriptions of any sort, they must be ready and prepare well and that's exactly what we will look at on this article.


Instruction: How Do You Create A Transcript Step By Step

Response:
The following are the steps to follow when creating transcripts...
Put aside enough time to transcribe. One thing many people do, that ends up messing up the entire process of transcribing, is usually downplaying the time they would need to create a particular transcript. It usually takes approximately 2 hours to transcribe a half an hour audio. If you, as a transcriber, don't put aside two hours or more of your free time and allocate it to work on that audio piece, then you end up overextending, or not even finishing and setting the transcript aside for another time. This will make you not deliver on your targets. It is good to note that this is also highly dependent on the transcriptionists typing speed because more times than not that is the most important thing when creating transcripts apart from your listening skills. It is very important to set ample time aside to work on a particular transcript, to avoid carry overwork to another time when you could do something different. Block out time to transcribe. Transcribing will probably take you longer than you imagined. Also, work on the time you have put aside and not wait until the last minute to transcribe, because chances are you will produce transcripts full of errors.Pre-listen to the recording you want to work on. I can't stress enough how important this is. If setting aside time to work on your transcripts is not as important, then do not ignore this step. The same thing you do when you peruse through an exam paper to get a general feel of how the exam questions are and prepare yourself mentally of what awaits is the same thing I mean by listening to the audio or video before embarking on working on it. This will allow you to, first, know what your transcript is about and what to expect when dealing with the Jargon used. Also, there is ease knowing what something entails before dealing with, it calms your nerves and makes your mind ready for what is coming and in this case is the content of the audio. This can refresh your memory about the content of the recording, understand the flow of the conversation, and identify all the voices on the recording. You will know how many speakers you are working with, whether they are male or female and so and so forth. This is a step that one should not avoid, it creates so much ease when working on the audio pieces.Set the speed of the audio to suit you. It is very clear, and a known fact, that not everyone's typing speed is as fast as the other or as slow as the other. This is where this step comes in. You will come across audio that is too fast or too slow, which might end up slowing you down if you have a fast typing speed and confusing you if you have a slow typing speed. You can see that pre-listening to the audio will allow you to know whether the speed of the audio is perfect for you or whether you need to reduce or increase it. One step can help make the other step more realistic for you. Most transcription software usually allows one to slow down, forward, rewind, and pause the audios to work on them freely. The best thing you can also do is to get a foot pedal for your machine which will allow you to stop, pause, rewind, and forward with your foot which will allow you to use your hands for typing alone. This will make the complete process worthwhile for you.Format your transcript. You should make sure you format the document you are writing the transcripts in well. It should include page numbers, a title, and the date of the day you are working on the transcript. You can go further to add an abbreviated version of the title and date in a header or footage on the page. Also, do not forget to include all the speakers and specifically represented if they are female or male. Formatting a transcript usually ensures that your document is neat and follows the rules and guidelines of transcription depending on your clients' specifications. Note that every time a new speaker comes on, that should be a new paragraph. You should know that a transcript is not one long block but a series of paragraphs that represents the speakers on the audio.Be sure to transcribe every single word. The essence of creating transcripts is usually to ensure that you get a copy of an audio or a video in a text format exactly as it is. Unless your client says otherwise, a transcriber should be able to transcribe every word available on audio regardless of whether it is an utterance or a reaction. They should be the same way as the recording, and one should not omit or add any words. Where a grammatical error has been experiencing its good to note that, that's the exact way, intended and you should not correct it.""[sic]"" is used to denote a grammatical error in the transcript. If someone says, "They are not ready."" You would type "They is [sic] not ready."" instead of correcting the grammar in the sentence. If a word is inaudible, type ""(inaudible)"" or use a symbol (e.g. *, ***) to denote that a word is missing. Also, add the time in the recording where the inaudible word is. This can help you when you go back to figure out what they said.Be sure to identify nonverbal communication. In all conversations, you will never miss nonverbal cues regardless of whether it is a serious conversation between dignitaries or a plain simple conversation between friends. You might wonder so what are non-verbal cues. These are mostly reactions such as (smacks, sighs, laughs), and so on and so forth. If someone laughs after they say something, put ""[laughing]"" after what he or she said. The same applies to all non-verbal cues in transcription. If it does not follow this through, then we will treat it as an omitted reaction and if for example, the transcript was for a dubbing process then this might make it harder for the process to be flawless.Be sure to show pauses in your transcripts. So far we can all agree that transcripts illustrate the content on a recording the exact way it is from beginning to end. This also includes putting pauses. The way a conversation flows on a recording is the same way it should flow when illustrated on a transcript. If a speaker pauses after talking for a while, then the transcript should show it as it is. Either including ellipses or the word "pause"". A wonderful illustration of a sentence is.I don't know why this is happening... It shall be well though.I don't know why this is happening " pause" It shall be well though.Proofread and edit your transcripts. So you have already followed through with the steps ahead, you have written your transcripts and also formatted them according to the rules and regulations of transcription. This is the point where you have to go through your transcript to ensure that there are no spelling errors or omitted words and that the transcript is freely flowing and makes sense as it is. Be sure to make corrections and edit where necessary and not to end up over-editing some grammar mistakes. Re-write your transcript to adhere to any form or format deemed necessary.Countercheck the transcript while listening to the audio. This is the last step which acts as a backup step to the proofreading and editing step. This is great because you get to compare the transcript with audio simultaneously. This step helps one to ensure that their transcript is inline with the audio and that you have included every aspect of the audio.
When watching your favorite films with subtitles, do you ever stop and wonder who or what is behind them? I'm sure the answer most of you will have is no or rarely. In this article, we will look at the people who create the subtitles we enjoy and enable us to appreciate foreign films with foreign languages more.
Subtitling is a film process that has grown in recent years. Being a film subtitler is a rather interesting profession that we rarely talk about. You might wonder why we call them unsung heroes, but it's because they don't get as much recognition as actors and film producers get, yet they also play a huge role in the completion of a film. As much as producers, directors, actors, and actresses get their accolades. We should not leave subtitles behind.
To fully bring your film into the reality of fruition, as most of the people like to call it, you would have to have a budget for actors, researchers set and costume designers, location scouts and cinematographers and also subtitles if your plan is to have subtitles in your film. That shows important subtitlers are. Just like everybody else on a set, we also plan for them.
You should note that as much as subtitlers come into the picture at the very last stage when the whole film process has ended, they still are as important as the rest of the cast members. It’s a collaborative process requiring an ongoing dialogue and support system from within to create a product consistent with the artistic vision.
When a film goes to the last stage, which is usually subtitling, the subtitlers have the power to mess up and destroy what the film production team plus actors worked on. They need to remain in the context and come up with a perfectly contextual film with subtitles. This is where you must be very keen as a film producer to get a subtitler who versed in what he or she does and is a professional. If the subtitlers do their jobs well, they bring the filmmakers’ vision to whole nations of new viewers. If they sacrifice quality, the film could become a laughingstock.
I already mentioned how everyone works hand-in-hand to make sure that the film comes out perfectly. That is not a privilege afforded to subtitlers because they work alone and under a tight schedule, which might between 24 - 48 hours if they are working with a great producer. It usually becomes hard to stay within context following the fact that they rarely work with the film director who is the person who directs how scenes on a movie should be.
Subtitles are a "by the way" for many production houses, regardless of how their role might be super impactful when you are trying to push your film across the boarders.


Instruction: Do you know your subtitles

Response:
A lot of films out there usually have terms and conditions for their actors depending on what movie they are working on. It would amaze if the subtitlers would get these glossary terms to assist them when working on their subtitles, but it rarely happens. They usually leave them to work by themselves, which sometimes proves to be a hustle for them. They would live them to ensure that scripts are accurate while they preserve the nuance of performances. If film production took houses took these steps, staying in context with the original film would never be a thing to worry about for subtitlers.
Did you know that as much as subtitlers use their expertise to help a film production house, they usually never get credited for the good work they do? I feel like that is very unfair considering the fact that literary translators usually get acknowledged on the cover of a book or the front page when doing translations for novels but it's not the same thing when subtitlers do it for a film. At most, you might see the name of the company that contracted them.


Instruction: What Exactly Do Subtitlers Do

Response:
The most important thing that subtitlers do is translate existing content into any other form of language it might be their native or any other foreign language that they understand fully and completely. What this means before they even get to sync the wordings to a film they first have to translate them and make sure they are within the context of the original film. It is important to note that anyone can be a translator, but in this case; we are talking about professional translators who have a serious understanding of the original and target language, one who will not end up making mistakes while working on the translations.
Before, subtitlers would handle all the work of translation to the technicality of it all, but nowadays they deal more with creating the subtitles and leave the rest for the technical team to handle. Subtitlers make sure that the titles line up with cuts in the film. If subtitles linger during a cut, they can disrupt the brain’s ability to process them smoothly. We call this timing ‘spotting.’
They must also make sure that the subtitles go line in line with the audio. It might not go word for word because of the complexities of different languages, but they make sure that the texts usually have the same time capacity as the original audio to ensure that the viewers have time to read the subtitles. It normally appears just as the brain knows that the actor is speaking, the moment the viewer unconsciously wonders what the actor is saying. A perfectly timed subtitle appears as a response to that silent question.
They also make sure that break words like conjunctions appear on the second line of a subtitle text or on the next line if the text is too long to appear on the screen.
A good example of this step is a sentence like:
You should go home.
and do your chores.
That sentence should be written as.
You should go home and
do your chores.
The first statement looks a little off compared to the second one which is the correct way to write it.
The latter implies a stutter after the word and. It’s not a natural place for a pause. A lot of viewers could depict such a mistake, which they should, but professional subtitlers usually take all the rules into consideration.
There are a lot of decisions that a subtitler has to make when creating subtitles, which ensure that their work comes out perfectly fine and with no mistakes or looking off. Something like when the scene has a voice over the text be in italics but when the VO is reading text that appears on-screen, like a shot of a letter? Subtitling the VO doubles the text, but most subtitlers would agree it’s important to have them, anyway.
A subtitler must also understand fully what translation for film entails. They usually know that literal word-for-word translations are not the best option when translating for a film. Certain languages might lose cultural context if translated word-for-word, while it might not affect others. These are things that subtitlers usually take into consideration when working. A semantic translation might depart from the literal meaning of the source to preserve the rhythm and flow of the text.
The other forms of translations that you should know for your general knowledge are literal, faithful, communicative, idiomatic, and free translations, and trans-creation and adaptation which is not liberal enough and not considered a translation anymore.
A professional subtitler should be able to know which kind of translation best suits their work and situation. It is up to the discretion of the subtitlers which type of translation is best.
You might wonder whether subtitlers put more emphasis on the source language or the target language. The answer to that is that both languages usually get the same amount of emphasis, and it's all a matter of balancing them both while still staying within context. Though note that most subtitlers use a semantic translation for the film’s title and semantic or communicative translation for the subtitles.
They also must take to account the cultural sensitivity of their target languages in order to not offend the viewers in the long run.
With this, you can see how important subtitlers are and how their job requires them to be hands-on when doing it. It's not just about translation, there is a lot that goes into creating subtitles and that's why I think they should receive their credits and acknowledgment as much as the other production team does. They are the unsung heroes of cinematography.
With the emergence of the internet over the past decade, the world has become a global village with more people jumping on the bandwagon and being digital. There are over 7000 languages spoken in the world today, with English being a language spoken globally by a great number of individuals. This mere reason has led to the translation service, being sought after by many people who would love their content to cut across the boarders and accessed by more people who are not native speakers of their original languages. The demand for translation jobs is literally skyrocketing. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts, during the period 2012-2022, jobs in the translation industry will grow by 46 percent. Regardless of whether it's a translation for personal or business purposes, the need is growing remarkably as days go by. With advancements in technology over the last several years, there are different options available to get your translation completed, including machine translation, which is a translation from computer software and also human translation, which is the translation by professional human translators. Machine translators have several advantages, however, today, we will look at the advantages and disadvantages of using human translators. The quality of software translation is still no match when compared to the translation by humans.
Many people prefer using human translators compared to machine translators. We will look at why that is the case, and also why it might sometimes end up not be the best choice.
Advantages Of Human Translators
Better Quality TranslationIf you want accurate and quality translated documents, then it is advisable to get human translators who have a high level of experience. You can or outsource the services to professional translation companies that offer experienced human translators. This is better than using machine translators which are often inaccurate and more times than not, provide translations are out of context, usually word-for-word translations. If you are planning to have serious professional documents for your business translated, then I would advise you to get a professional human translator who will ensure that you get a high-quality level of translated documents. They make sure that the documents are accurate and have the same context as the original document.Expertise of LanguageMany people are of the belief that machine translators usually offer a vast and versatile level of expertise with languages, and I beg to differ with this. It might be true that machine translators can work with more languages as compared to human translators. The thing with human translators is that the level of expertise that a human translator might have on a specific language is usually incredible and chances are they would offer more accurate translations with this level of expertise and avoid a lot of mistranslations as compared to machine translators.Since machine translators offer word-for-word translations, it is very easy to miss the context of a particular document, unlike an expert human translator who works on the same document. If a human translator is really an expert, then you will get the best translation service there is in the world.CreativityHave you ever tried learning a new language? If yes, then you know how hard it is to learn a language from scratch and end up being great and an expert at it. However, if your answer was no, then you do not understand the level of difficulty behind the whole process. The reason I say this is that it takes a lot of time for someone to use a foreign language creatively and be able to offer translations that are vast and extensive. Human translators can get creative when translating because they are used to the language, they are working with, and they can get creative by experimenting with words, which is something machines translators have no capacity to do. Though machine translators can often translate the meaning of the subject at hand, they lack this creativity.  Human translators have an extensive understanding of the language, making them a great fit for the language.Sensitivity to CultureOne important thing that a lot of human translators always take into consideration that a machine translator can't or doesn't are the cultural aspects of the languages.We all know that cultures are not the same across the board, and the way certain words used in a certain culture might mean something different or even offensive in another. Human translators know that this is a very important aspect when translating documents, and so they are very keen when working in different languages. This is not the same thing with machine translators, which usually do straight forward translations without taking things like cultural values into consideration. Without understanding the culture of the people who speak that language, it becomes very easy to offend them when interacting with them. This might be a huge blow for a businessperson who is trying to introduce their business to a different culture. Therefore, working with a human translator who is a professional and understands this aspect is the best thing to do.Working with a professional human translator will not only ensure that you have perfectly translated and accurate documents but will also make sure you get detailed expertise of the languages in question, creativity and versatility in how the language being translated and sensitivity to a lot of cultural values that machine translators rarely look into. With this, we will avoid taking risks when doing translations for official and business purposes.
Everything with advantages usually has a fair number of disadvantages, and we will go further ahead and look at the limitations of using human translators. As we all know, the need for translation services is growing at such a fast-paced speed and this has impacted on how human translators operate.
Limitations Of Human Translators
Below are some limitations that you might experience when using human translators:
Slow SpeedIn terms of speed, machine translators take the first position, hands down with no competition. A normal human translator can translate about 150 to 200 words in an hour. If the same translator is working on a 1000 words document, it would take him or her approximately 8 to 10 hours to finish that document minus breaks and editing. If you compare this with a machine translator which might translate a document with 1000 words in an hour, then it's easy to see why using a human translator might be a limitation.Higher CostNormally getting a human translator to work on your documents, depending on how long the documents are, is very expensive. While using a machine translator you can work on as many documents as you want and you won't end up using as much money as you would if you had to pay a human translator to work on your documents. If you really want to use human translators for a huge project, then it is usually advisable to handpick the most important documents to and translate them using human translators and get the other batch translated by machine translators.Confidentiality RisksWhen working with documents that are highly confidential, it is usually hard to keep them confidential if you work with a human translator, something that would be very easy when working with machine translators. Outsourcing anything carries the risk of your secrets getting leaked. To be on the safer side though, you can opt to get the human translators but ensure that you have them sign NDAs.Time and Resources to Find the Right Translator If you have never looked for a translator for a particular project, then you do not understand how hard and tedious it is trying to find a perfect translator for a particular language. Depending on which country you live in and the target language you are trying to translate to, then it really gets tough trying to get translators to help you out with a project.If that is easy enough you also have to get one that has an extensive understanding of both languages and is still skillfully and has substantial knowledge in translation. You need to look at very many factors before choosing a translator, whereas with machine translators it's not as hard.
Now that you have a basic understanding of the pros and cons of using a human translator, I'm sure making a choice on what works well for you won't be a hard task.
Have you ever wondered why many people prefer using software and phone applications for their translation works more than getting professional help from human translators? Many people say it's because machine translators are fast and others say that machine translators are cheap. Everyone has a reason they prefer machine translators to human translators, and that's why in this article we will look at why machine translations are becoming more popular compared to human translation and some advantages that come with using machines for translation works.
Translation services are getting more common and many people are interested in getting them, it is, therefore, good to know which route would be preferable for you if ever you needed these services.
10 Advantages Of Using Machines For Translation Works
Below, we will look at the different advantages of using machines for translation works.
1. Cost
If you are a person who has a tight budget and you would really love to get some documents translated without having to break your bank or go off-budget, then machine translation would be the best option for you. You can even use google translate which is kinda free depending on how you look at it.
As long as you have access to the internet you are good to go and you won't need to look for more money to pay a human translator to translate work.
2. Speed
The thing with human translators is that they have to go through the documents that are being translated, get the context, understand the capacity and level of the language being used, whether it is basic, intermediate or expert, know which industry it belongs to before they can even start on the translations. With machine translations, you can get your documents translated super fast. This is because they automate the translations to fit the particular specifications.
It is even quicker when doing translation for a lot of languages all at the same time. The speediness of machine translation allows you to translate a document to a different language in a matter of seconds.
3. Volume
Please do not confuse this by the volume on your television or radio. Volume, here, has been used to refer to the capacity or the number of words that can they can translate at ago. Machine translators can translate millions and millions of words at ago and this might even be for different languages.
This is something that would come in handy if the plan is to translate a lot of documents in a very short amount of time. Machine translators would without a doubt come through and even surprise you with the capacity of words it can translate.
4. It’s Versatile
You see how every other time you hear people say that translation works usually need a highly trained translator, who is a professional with many years of experience so that your translated documents to be perfect. Well, with machine translators, you don't need a machine with years of experience or anything of the sort.
Machine translators can be customizable depending on the language that you need your documents translated into. You can train a machine to give you the same results as a human translator would by using an already human translated document to manipulate it with. As the tech industry continues to grow, machine translators also keep on growing every day.
5. Long term investment.
It would be expensive to be working with machines and eventually not get what exactly you want. The thing with machine translators is that, as you keep using them, they get better, this because of the field of Artificial Intelligence known as machine learning. An example is how the Google search engine usually suggests search options for you based on what you had already searched before. With time they become accurate with their translation outcomes, which in the long run will benefit you.
6. It is mutually Exclusive to use.
If you are after getting top quality translated documents, then you have the choice to work with both human translators and machine translators. What this does is that you can significantly lower the number of errors you come across when working with either of these processes. The best way to work with both processes is to get the machine translation, then have a human translator go through them to ensure that the translations are within context and have the same meaning as the original language.
It's good to note though that this will be more expensive on your side because you will invest in both human translators and machine translators.
7. Availability of Global languages.
Machine translators are so versatile and vast with different languages. Most machine translators have already incorporated almost all the mainstream languages that you can think of globally.
What this means is that unlike human translators who are usually good in one language or two, machine translators can translate most of the languages in just one click with no struggle. This allows you to keep up with language trends and get your documents translated to any language.
8. Real-time
Depending on which industry you are, it is usually advisable to use machine translators when working in an industry that requires you to do real-time translations. It would be very difficult to expect a human translator to keep up with real-time translations needed every few seconds.
There are industries that work well with machine translators and other work well with human translators. In an industry where real-time translations are needed, a customized machine translator would definitely come in handy and would be very cost-effective for you. Machine translation gives a good enough result instantly and at a much lower cost.
9. Repetitive text
Machine translation excels with repetitive text. Think of all those car manuals translated into a wide range of languages across the world. The content in them is often repetitive, something we can train a machine translation engine to translate more rapidly and cost-effectively than any human translator ever could. This would help lessen the time a human translator would use to translate a particular document. Using machine translators is better because they can do these repetitive translations at the same time. This brings us back to the point I made before about using less time to translate a document, as compared to the time a human translator would use.
10. It’s improving all the time
As technology continues to grow, machine translators also keep on growing every day.  This is something that has brought about better translation results as time goes by. One cannot compare the quality of machine translations in the year 2001 with what it is today. The improvements and accuracy are very clear and will continue to improve.
As you have seen from the different advantages, it is advisable to use machine translators if you are under a tight budget, or when you are working with a lot of data, whose turn around time is short. Machine translators enable you to have your work on time, and as accurately as possible depending on which machine translator you are using.
It is good to know that there are a lot of machine translators available for use globally. Before you choose which one to use, make sure you are specific on what documents you want to have translated. The best-automated machine translator I can recommend for you is the dubbing king software. The dubbing king website offers automated machine translator services for over 50 languages and its accuracy is second to none.
Auditions provide wonderful opportunities for you to connect with casting directors, producers, directors and to forge long-lasting business relationships.
Your audition starts as soon as you enter the casting studio.  There are many things that you can do so you make the very best first impression possible!  Do you intend to be a casting director's dream? Here is some audition advice for actors:
The easiest way to prepare for auditions is to enroll in an ongoing acting class and if you can't enter an in-person acting class, there are many online tools. Beyond this, though, there are many things you can do before an audition.
Do your character homework first, before learning your lines.  Whatever this process is for you, have fun with it. When you yourself have prepared, you will have fun in the room.  If you're the actor that feels free only if you are off-book, then do your best to get off book! Run lines with a pal, a member of your family, or a classmate.
Tips For Guidance, Through An Audition
1. Practice flexibility
I'd recommend practicing in different parts of your home.  Practice by pretending that the camera is likely to be on one side of the room — and then another.  Practice together with your friend standing in different parts of the room. Be flexible and get ready for multiple possibilities regarding room setup.
You may also practice with an audience of multiple friends, peers, or nearest and dearest — and even work on your audition in your acting class.
2. Relax
Since you are reading this, I know that you care a lot about your career!  You're dedicating your time and energy to pursue something that you love doing. Remember that you are here to have fun.  This is the best audition advice that I will share with actors: have fun.
So, whenever you enter the casting office, regardless of how stressful the heavy traffic could have been, or how concerned perhaps you are that you will do precisely what you practiced at home, make sure you let go, and tell the story.  Allow your creativity to flow!
And if you are late to the audition, don't freak out.  This just creates more stress. Instead, wait calmly in the waiting room until you are called, and perhaps explain briefly to the casting director that there was a road blockage, etc. only if you feel it's necessary. Often, particularly for commercial auditions, the casting directors are so busy that they don't realize if someone has arrived, say, ten minutes late.
3. Be on time
Do your best to be on time.  Better yet — be early! Especially when you are being paired with another actor at a callback and/or is up for a network TV or feature film role (there are fewer time slots for these auditions, and so it really can impact the casting director's schedule if you are 10+ minutes late).  Allow time for the worst traffic ever. It is better to be early and safe.
4. Read the signs in the casting studio and then ask questions if necessary
When you walk into the casting office, you will discover a lot of instructional signs regarding where to sit, where to register, where to use the bathroom, and where to find sides.  Read them carefully. Read them twice, perhaps three times. Then, and only then, when you have a question, approach anyone at the front desk with kindness. Again, a big piece of audition advice for actors: your audition starts as soon as you walk into any office (and sometimes, as soon as you park your car or truck, as you might be viewed from the window).
5. Be easy to find
Sometimes, wait times can be long; however, it’s important that you are easy to find when your name is called.  So be sure to wait near the door of the room, within earshot of the casting director. This sounds simple, but often actors will wander out of the waiting room just before their turn.
Sometimes, wait times can be long; however, it's important that you are easy to find as soon as they call your name.  So make sure you wait near the entranceway of the area, within earshot of the casting director. This sounds simple, but often actors will wander out from the waiting room just before their turn.
6. Learn from every audition
When you are finished with your audition, pay attention to what went really well.  Applaud yourself for this. Also, pay attention to something you could be able to boost the next time around.  We're artists who're constantly growing and changing, and every audition is a learning opportunity.
And as always, remember to have fun!
7. Slate in character.
Your audition can be over before you read the initial word of the script. This may not be fair, but it's just the way that it is.
Your slate is the very first thing we hear so if your slate voice differs from what we're looking for, I immediately overcome my first impression of you and then test how you see the script “in character.” (Harsh truth: I don't care about the “real” you, I need to know if you're what I want/need for the commercial.)
When casting, you might have several hundred VO auditions to be controlled by in one evening. There's usually no time to be controlled by every audition all the way through. You get a gut impression of somebody right away. If you prefer what you hear, you listen to more.
8. Study the casting spec and script.
For VO work, auditions are first reviewed by the copywriter that wrote the script. That writer also writes the casting spec, so it is your best window into his/her brain and what he or she is looking for.
There are typically clues in the script too.


Instruction: What's the tone of the spot? More naturalistic or extraordinary? Sales-y or slice-of-life?  Is it a character piece or an “everyman” sort of thing? There are a million different flavors of “mom,” what's the context because of this one. Is she the heroine of the spot or even a supporting player